arXiv:2510.03959cs.LG2025-10

用公开数据构建48小时雷暴停电预警模型,精准捕捉重大停电事件。

Operational early warning of thunderstorm-driven power outages from open data: a two-stage machine learning approach

  • 两阶段机器学习框架:先筛选非异常时段,再用LSTM预测停电峰值。
  • 在48小时内检测到超5万用户断电事件,误报仅多1次,预测误差显著降低。
  • 仅用开放数据,适合电力部门或气象机构做无依赖的灾害预警参考。

雷暴引发的停电难以预测,因多数风暴不造成损害,对流过程快速混沌,且公开数据噪声大、不完整。如今严重对流风暴已占美国天气损失的很大比例并持续上升,但雷暴导致的停电研究仍不足。本文仅使用公开的停电数据(EAGLE-I)和气象数据(METAR),构建了针对密歇根州夏季雷暴相关停电的48小时早期预警模型。相较于已有研究,本工作(i)完全依赖公开数据;(ii)通过参数特异性克里金插值和因果时空特征保留稀疏站点的对流极端值;(iii)采用多层级LSTM架构,以事件为中心的峰值指标进行评估。该流程通过滚动与k-NN反距离聚合捕捉水汽输送、风向突变和气压下降。两阶段设计使用逻辑门过滤日常周期,减少噪声影响。评估聚焦于至少50,000用户断电的省级峰值事件,采用48小时窗口内的命中率、漏报率、误报率及峰值条件下的均方误差(cMASE),并通过块自举法量化不确定性。测试结果表明,该模型在仅增加一次误报的情况下识别出更多峰值,并显著降低峰值附近的cMASE,实现面向事件的早期预警,无需依赖特定电力公司数据。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Thunderstorm-driven power outages are difficult to predict because most storms do not cause damage, convective processes occur rapidly and chaotically, and the available public data are noisy and incomplete. Severe convective storms now account for a large and rising share of U.S. weather losses, yet thunderstorm-induced outages remain understudied. We develop a 48-hour early-warning model for summer thunderstorm-related outages in Michigan using only open-source outage (EAGLE-I) and weather (METAR) data. Relative to prior work, we (i) rely solely on public data, (ii) preserve convective extremes from a sparse station network via parameter-specific kriging and causal spatiotemporal features, and (iii) use a multi-level LSTM-based architecture evaluated on event-centric peak metrics. The pipeline builds rolling and k-NN inverse-distance aggregates to capture moisture advection, wind shifts, and pressure drops. A two-stage design uses a logistic gate followed by a long short-term memory (LSTM) regressor to filter routine periods and limit noise exposure. Evaluation focuses on state-level peaks of at least 50,000 customers without power, using hits, misses, false alarms, and peak-conditional MASE (cMASE) within 48-hour windows, with uncertainty quantified by block bootstrapping. On the test sample, the Two-Stage model detects more peaks with only one additional false alarm and reduces cMASE near peaks, providing event-focused early warnings without the utility-specific data.

电力预警雷暴预测机器学习公开数据

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