arXiv:2510.05445cs.CL2025-10被引 21

用知识图谱指导多智能体协作问答,自动选最优组合。

AgentRouter: A Knowledge-Graph-Guided LLM Router for Collaborative Multi-Agent Question Answering

  • 将问题、实体和智能体构建成知识图谱,用图神经网络做智能路由。
  • 在多个基准上超越单智能体和集成方法,跨模型通用性强。
  • 适合需要高效协同的复杂问答场景,尤其擅长挖掘不同智能体互补优势。

大型语言模型(LLMs)与基于智能体的框架发展迅速,推动了多样化应用。然而,随着模型和智能体策略的增多,从业者在为下游任务选择最佳配置时面临巨大不确定性。已有研究表明,不同智能体和基础模型具有互补优势,且更大模型并非总是更优,因此亟需自适应路由机制。现有路由方法多关注成本效率,却忽视了问答任务中固有的细粒度上下文与关系结构。本文提出AgentRouter,将多智能体问答建模为由知识图谱引导的路由问题,并利用实证性能信号进行监督。具体而言,我们将问答实例转化为融合查询、上下文实体与智能体的知识图谱,训练异质图神经网络(GNN)在节点类型间传播信息,生成面向任务的智能体路由分布。通过软监督与加权聚合,AgentRouter学习到能体现多元智能体互补优势的协同策略。大量实验表明,该框架在多个基准上持续优于单智能体与集成基线,且在不同模型和数据集上具有良好泛化能力。结果验证了图监督式多智能体路由在问答中的有效性与鲁棒性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) and agent-based frameworks have advanced rapidly, enabling diverse applications. Yet, with the proliferation of models and agentic strategies, practitioners face substantial uncertainty in selecting the best configuration for a downstream task. Prior studies show that different agents and backbones exhibit complementary strengths, and that larger models are not always superior, underscoring the need for adaptive routing mechanisms. Existing approaches to agent routing, however, often emphasize cost efficiency while overlooking the fine-grained contextual and relational structure inherent in QA tasks. In this paper, we propose tAgentRouter, a framework that formulates multi-agent QA as a knowledge-graph-guided routing problem supervised by empirical performance signals. Specifically, we convert QA instance into a knowledge graph that jointly encodes queries, contextual entities, and agents, and then train a heterogeneous graph neural network (GNN) to propagate information across node types and produce task-aware routing distributions over agents. By leveraging soft supervision and weighted aggregation of agent outputs, AgentRouter learns principled collaboration schemes that capture the complementary strengths of diverse agents. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our framework consistently outperforms single-agent and ensemble baselines, while generalizing across benchmarks and LLM backbones. These results highlight the effectiveness and robustness of graph-supervised multi-agent routing for question answering.

多智能体知识图谱问答系统路由机制

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