arXiv:2510.05617cs.CVcs.CY2025-10

InstaGeo让卫星图像从数据到部署仅需一天,模型更小、更快、更环保。

InstaGeo: Compute-Efficient Geospatial Machine Learning from Data to Deployment

  • 自动处理原始影像,生成可直接训练的数据集
  • 模型压缩后体积缩小8倍,精度损失极小,碳排放减少
  • 适合想快速落地遥感应用的研究者与公益组织

Landsat 8-9和Sentinel-2等开源多光谱影像推动了地理空间基础模型(GFMs)在人道与环境领域的应用。然而,其部署受限于(i)缺乏自动化数据处理流程,(ii)微调模型过大。现有GFMs缺少从原始影像到训练数据的完整工作流,下游任务常保留原始编码器全部复杂度。我们提出InstaGeo,一个开源端到端框架,集成:(1)自动化数据清洗,将原始影像转化为模型可用数据集;(2)任务专用模型蒸馏,生成轻量高效的紧凑模型;(3)无缝部署为交互式网络地图应用。使用InstaGeo,我们复现了三项已发表研究的数据集,模型在洪水检测、作物分割、沙漠蝗虫预测上的mIoU差异分别为-0.73个百分点、-0.20个百分点和+1.79个百分点。蒸馏模型比标准微调模型最大缩小8倍,显著降低计算量与碳排放,精度损失微小。通过其简化数据流程,我们还构建了更大规模作物分割数据集,达到60.65%的mIoU,较先前基线提升12个百分点。此外,用户可在单日内完成从原始数据到模型部署的全流程。该框架统一数据准备、模型压缩与部署,使研究级GFMs转变为实用、低碳的实时地球观测工具,推动地理空间人工智能向数据质量与应用驱动创新转型。源代码、数据集与模型权重见:https://github.com/instadeepai/InstaGeo-E2E-Geospatial-ML.git

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Open-access multispectral imagery from missions like Landsat 8-9 and Sentinel-2 has fueled the development of geospatial foundation models (GFMs) for humanitarian and environmental applications. Yet, their deployment remains limited by (i) the absence of automated geospatial data pipelines and (ii) the large size of fine-tuned models. Existing GFMs lack workflows for processing raw satellite imagery, and downstream adaptations often retain the full complexity of the original encoder. We present InstaGeo, an open-source, end-to-end framework that addresses these challenges by integrating: (1) automated data curation to transform raw imagery into model-ready datasets; (2) task-specific model distillation to derive compact, compute-efficient models; and (3) seamless deployment as interactive web-map applications. Using InstaGeo, we reproduced datasets from three published studies and trained models with marginal mIoU differences of -0.73 pp for flood mapping, -0.20 pp for crop segmentation, and +1.79 pp for desert locust prediction. The distilled models are up to 8x smaller than standard fine-tuned counterparts, reducing FLOPs and CO2 emissions with minimal accuracy loss. Leveraging InstaGeo's streamlined data pipeline, we also curated a larger crop segmentation dataset, achieving a state-of-the-art mIoU of 60.65%, a 12 pp improvement over prior baselines. Moreover, InstaGeo enables users to progress from raw data to model deployment within a single working day. By unifying data preparation, model compression, and deployment, InstaGeo transforms research-grade GFMs into practical, low-carbon tools for real-time, large-scale Earth observation. This approach shifts geospatial AI toward data quality and application-driven innovation. Source code, datasets, and model checkpoints are available at: https://github.com/instadeepai/InstaGeo-E2E-Geospatial-ML.git

遥感AI模型压缩端到端低碳计算

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