为法律知识图谱设计可审计的确定性推理接口,让大模型操作更可信。
Deterministic Legal Agents: A Canonical Primitive API for Auditable Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphs
- 用原子化、可组合的指令接口连接大模型与符号系统
- 将不确定性仅限于意图翻译和叙事生成,其余操作全确定
- 适合需可追溯、高可信度决策的法律或监管场景
在高风险法律领域,检索不仅需语义相关,还需保留规范的层级、时间性与因果溯源。标准检索增强生成(RAG)依赖文本片段的语义相似性,难以实现此类控制。此前的SAT-Graph RAG通过结构感知的时间知识图谱建模法律材料解决了表示问题。本文解决下一关键挑战:如何让基于大模型的推理代理在不引入不可靠检索行为的前提下,与该图谱交互。我们提出SAT-Graph API,一个面向时间知识图谱可审计推理的标准化基础接口,专为法律领域设计并示范。该接口提供类型化、原子化、可组合的原语,介于概率语言模型与确定性符号底座之间。其设计遵循‘概率隔离’原则:不确定性仅限于意图转换、语义锚定和最终叙事合成,而结构、时间与因果图遍历均通过规范锚点的确定性操作完成。该接口将法律RAG从单次检索-生成转变为持续的‘推理-行动-观察’循环。代理将法律问题分解为显式执行计划,调用原语完成时点检索、上下文重构、溯源追踪与影响分析,并生成基于可审计图操作日志的答案。成果为形式化架构规范,非经验基准:一种将法律知识表征与智能体推理解耦的安全交互协议。虽以法律为例,但该原语模型可迁移至其他具有时间版本、溯源敏感与权威治理特征的知识库。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
In high-stakes legal domains, retrieval must preserve not only semantic relevance, but also the hierarchy, temporality, and causal provenance of legal norms. Standard Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), based mainly on semantic similarity over text fragments, cannot reliably provide this level of control. Prior work on SAT-Graph RAG addressed the representation problem by modeling legal materials as structure-aware temporal knowledge graphs. This paper addresses the next problem: how an LLM-based reasoning agent can interact with such a graph without reintroducing unreliable retrieval behavior. We specify the SAT-Graph API, a canonical primitive interface for auditable reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs, developed and illustrated in the legal domain. The API exposes typed, atomic, and composable primitives that mediate between a probabilistic language model and a deterministic symbolic substrate. Its design follows Probability Isolation: uncertainty is confined to intent translation, semantic anchoring, and final narrative synthesis, while structural, temporal, and causal graph traversals are executed through deterministic operations over canonical anchors. The interface shifts legal RAG from single-shot Retrieve-then-Generate to active Reason-Act-Observe. An agent decomposes a legal question into an explicit execution plan, invokes primitives for point-in-time retrieval, context reconstruction, provenance tracing, and impact analysis, and produces an answer grounded in an auditable log of graph operations. The result is a formal architectural specification, not an empirical benchmark: a secure interaction protocol that decouples legal knowledge representation from agentic reasoning. Although illustrated in law, the primitive model is domain-portable to other temporally versioned, provenance-sensitive, and authority-governed knowledge bases.
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