让机器理解语言的深层含义,用逻辑结构避免幻觉与误判。
The Algebra of Meaning: Why Machines Need Montague More Than Moore's Law
- 将语言解析为带类型约束的逻辑形式,实现语义精确建模。
- 一次解析跨多司法管辖区生成合规建议,支持跨国法律推理。
- 适合法律、合规及可信AI系统研发者,解决模型幻觉根源问题。
当前语言模型虽流畅,却常错误处理其输出所蕴含的语义类型。我们提出,幻觉、脆弱的审查和模糊的合规结果,本质是缺失类型论语义所致,而非数据或规模限制。基于蒙塔古的语言类型化、组合代数观,我们将对齐问题重构为解析任务:自然语言输入需被编译为显式表达描述、规范与法律维度的结构。我们提出Savassan,一种神经符号架构,可将话语编译为蒙塔古风格的逻辑形式,并映射到扩展了道义算子与管辖权上下文的类型本体。神经组件从非结构化输入中提取候选结构;符号组件执行类型检查、约束推理与跨管辖映射,生成可解释的合规指引,而非二元屏蔽。在跨境场景中,系统“一次解析”(如缺陷索赔(产品x, 公司y)),并投影至多个法律本体(如韩日诽谤风险、美国言论保护、欧盟GDPR合规),合成单一可解释决策。本文贡献包括:(i) 将幻觉诊断为类型错误;(ii) 建立蒙塔古-本体间的正式桥梁用于商业/法律推理;(iii) 提出端到端嵌入类型接口的生产级设计。我们规划使用法律推理基准与合成多司法管辖区套件进行评估。核心观点:可信自治依赖于语义的组合类型化,使系统能统一推理何为描述、何为规范、何为责任。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Contemporary language models are fluent yet routinely mis-handle the types of meaning their outputs entail. We argue that hallucination, brittle moderation, and opaque compliance outcomes are symptoms of missing type-theoretic semantics rather than data or scale limitations. Building on Montague's view of language as typed, compositional algebra, we recast alignment as a parsing problem: natural-language inputs must be compiled into structures that make explicit their descriptive, normative, and legal dimensions under context. We present Savassan, a neuro-symbolic architecture that compiles utterances into Montague-style logical forms and maps them to typed ontologies extended with deontic operators and jurisdictional contexts. Neural components extract candidate structures from unstructured inputs; symbolic components perform type checking, constraint reasoning, and cross-jurisdiction mapping to produce compliance-aware guidance rather than binary censorship. In cross-border scenarios, the system "parses once" (e.g., defect claim(product x, company y)) and projects the result into multiple legal ontologies (e.g., defamation risk in KR/JP, protected opinion in US, GDPR checks in EU), composing outcomes into a single, explainable decision. This paper contributes: (i) a diagnosis of hallucination as a type error; (ii) a formal Montague-ontology bridge for business/legal reasoning; and (iii) a production-oriented design that embeds typed interfaces across the pipeline. We outline an evaluation plan using legal reasoning benchmarks and synthetic multi-jurisdiction suites. Our position is that trustworthy autonomy requires compositional typing of meaning, enabling systems to reason about what is described, what is prescribed, and what incurs liability within a unified algebra of meaning.
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