arXiv:2510.07117cs.AIcs.LG2025-10被引 1

让机器人像人一样在不确定环境中持续照护,靠的是身体与死亡的约束。

The Conditions of Physical Embodiment Enable Generalization and Care

  • 用身体嵌入环境和终将消亡的设定,驱动智能体长期自保并关心他人。
  • 在开放环境中,具备生死意识的智能体可实现跨场景泛化与主动关怀。
  • 适合研究具身智能、长期决策与人类对齐的学者参考。

当人工智能体进入养老、救灾、太空任务等开放物理环境时,必须在不确定性中持续运行并提供可靠照护。然而现有系统难以应对分布偏移,也缺乏内在动机去维护他人福祉。脆弱与死亡常被视为需规避的限制,但生物体却能在开放世界中高效生存并照护他人。我们提出:泛化与关怀源于物理具身的条件——‘在世之中’(智能体是环境的一部分)与‘朝向死亡’(除非被干预,智能体会趋向终结状态)。这些条件迫使智能体产生维持自身的稳态驱动力,并最大化未来持续生存的能力。在多智能体环境中长期实现这一目标,需要对自我与他者具身性的因果建模,以及对未来共同状态的协同规划。由于具身智能体是环境的一部分,且自我边界由可靠控制定义,赋能他人可扩展自我边界,从而催生利他行为。这为从具身性通往泛化与关怀提供了基于共享约束的路径。我们提出了一个强化学习框架来验证这些问题。具有稳态与死亡意识的具身智能体,在开放环境中持续学习,可能带来高效鲁棒性与可信对齐。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As artificial agents enter open-ended physical environments -- eldercare, disaster response, and space missions -- they must persist under uncertainty while providing reliable care. Yet current systems struggle to generalize across distribution shifts and lack intrinsic motivation to preserve the well-being of others. Vulnerability and mortality are often seen as constraints to be avoided, yet organisms survive and provide care in an open-ended world with relative ease and efficiency. We argue that generalization and care arise from conditions of physical embodiment: being-in-the-world (the agent is a part of the environment) and being-towards-death (unless counteracted, the agent drifts toward terminal states). These conditions necessitate a homeostatic drive to maintain oneself and maximize the future capacity to continue doing so. Fulfilling this drive over long time horizons in multi-agent environments necessitates robust causal modeling of self and others' embodiment and jointly achievable future states. Because embodied agents are part of the environment, with the self delimited by reliable control, empowering others can expand self-boundaries, enabling other-regard. This provides a path from embodiment toward generalization and care based in shared constraints. We outline a reinforcement-learning framework for examining these questions. Homeostatic mortal agents continually learning in open-ended environments may offer efficient robustness and trustworthy alignment.

具身智能长期决策关怀机制强化学习

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