用全GPU加速实现毫秒级机器人抓取路径规划,成功率100%。
Differentiable Particle Optimization for Fast Sequential Manipulation
- 将采样、约束评估和梯度优化整合为统一的CUDA内核,全程无需CPU参与。
- 在复杂场景下实现毫秒级求解,比现有方法快4000倍,成功率100%。
- 适合需要实时高精度路径规划的工业机器人任务,如多物体协同操作。
序列式机器人操作需在高维配置空间中寻找满足几何约束且无碰撞的轨迹,但实时大规模求解仍面临计算瓶颈。尽管基于GPU的加速已有进展,但传统方法受限于CPU-GPU数据传输开销和复杂逻辑,难以充分释放硬件性能。为此,我们提出SPaSM(Sampling Particle optimization for Sequential Manipulation),一个完全基于GPU并行的框架,将约束评估、采样与基于梯度的优化编译为优化的CUDA内核,实现端到端轨迹优化而无需CPU协调。该方法采用两阶段粒子优化策略:首先通过大规模并行采样解决物体位姿约束,再将解提升至联合空间中的完整轨迹优化。与分层方法不同,SPaSM联合优化物体摆放与机器人轨迹,有效处理运动可行性限制摆放选择的场景。在挑战性基准测试中,解决方案时间达到毫秒级,成功率达100%,相较现有方法提速4000倍。代码与示例见https://commalab.org/papers/spasm。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Sequential robot manipulation tasks require finding collision-free trajectories that satisfy geometric constraints across multiple object interactions in potentially high-dimensional configuration spaces. Solving these problems in real-time and at large scales has remained out of reach due to computational requirements. Recently, GPU-based acceleration has shown promising results, but prior methods achieve limited performance due to CPU-GPU data transfer overhead and complex logic that prevents full hardware utilization. To this end, we present SPaSM (Sampling Particle optimization for Sequential Manipulation), a fully GPU-parallelized framework that compiles constraint evaluation, sampling, and gradient-based optimization into optimized CUDA kernels for end-to-end trajectory optimization without CPU coordination. The method consists of a two-stage particle optimization strategy: first solving placement constraints through massively parallel sampling, then lifting solutions to full trajectory optimization in joint space. Unlike hierarchical approaches, SPaSM jointly optimizes object placements and robot trajectories to handle scenarios where motion feasibility constrains placement options. Experimental evaluation on challenging benchmarks demonstrates solution times in the realm of $\textbf{milliseconds}$ with a 100% success rate; a $4000\times$ speedup compared to existing approaches. Code and examples are available at $\href{https://commalab.org/papers/spasm}{commalab.org/papers/spasm}$.
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