用大模型协同调度城市车队,显著降低拥堵并提升通行效率。
An LLM-Powered Cooperative Framework for Large-Scale Multi-Vehicle Navigation
- 分层架构:全局分配+局部自适应,结合大模型实现协同决策。
- 在超大规模路网(160万道路)上,旅行效率优于9个基线方法。
- 适合智能交通、自动驾驶系统研发者参考,尤其关注城市级路由场景。
车联网技术正推动交通管理从孤立控制转向多车协同的集体过程。其中,大规模动态路径规划需在不断变化的交通条件下同时优化大量车辆路线。现有路径搜索算法与强化学习方法难以扩展至城市级网络,常无法捕捉城市交通中非线性、随机性和耦合性动态特征。为此,我们提出CityNav——一种分层式、基于大语言模型的大型多车导航框架。该框架包含全局交通分配代理,负责跨区域流量的战略调配;以及局部导航代理,生成符合全局指令的本地自适应路径。为实现有效协作,引入联合推理优化机制,通过双奖励结构联合训练:个体奖励提升单车效率,共享奖励促进全网协调与拥堵缓解。在四个不同规模的真实道路网络(最大含160万条道路、43万交叉口)及交通数据集上的实验表明,CityNav在城市级通行效率与拥堵缓解方面持续优于九种经典路径搜索与强化学习基线方法。结果表明,大模型有望实现可扩展、自适应、协同的城市级交通导航,为复杂城市环境下的智能大规模车辆调度提供基础支持。项目开源地址:https://github.com/usail-hkust/CityNav。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rise of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technologies is transforming traffic management from isolated control to a collective, multi-vehicle process. At the heart of this shift is multi-vehicle dynamic navigation, which requires simultaneously routing large fleets under evolving traffic conditions. Existing path search algorithms and reinforcement learning methods struggle to scale to city-wide networks, often failing to capture the nonlinear, stochastic, and coupled dynamics of urban traffic. To address these challenges, we propose CityNav, a hierarchical, LLM-powered framework for large-scale multi-vehicle navigation. CityNav integrates a global traffic allocation agent, which coordinates strategic traffic flow distribution across regions, with local navigation agents that generate locally adaptive routes aligned with global directives. To enable effective cooperation, we introduce a cooperative reasoning optimization mechanism, in which agents are jointly trained with a dual-reward structure: individual rewards promote per-vehicle efficiency, while shared rewards encourage network-wide coordination and congestion reduction. Extensive experiments on four real-world road networks of varying scales (up to 1.6 million roads and 430,000 intersections) and traffic datasets demonstrate that CityNav consistently outperforms nine classical path search and RL-based baselines in city-scale travel efficiency and congestion mitigation. Our results highlight the potential of LLMs to enable scalable, adaptive, and cooperative city-wide traffic navigation, providing a foundation for intelligent, large-scale vehicle routing in complex urban environments. Our project is available at https://github.com/usail-hkust/CityNav.
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