arXiv:2510.08044cs.ROcs.AI2025-10被引 4

通过分离认知与固有不确定性,提升大模型机器人规划的可靠性。

Towards Reliable LLM-based Robot Planning via Combined Uncertainty Estimation

  • 将不确定性分解为任务清晰度、熟悉度及固有不确定性,分别建模。
  • 在厨房操作和桌面重排实验中,预测误差降低23%以上。
  • 适合关注机器人安全规划与大模型可信推理的研究者。

大语言模型(LLMs)展现出强大的推理能力,使机器人能理解自然语言指令并生成具有适当语义锚定的高层计划。然而,大模型幻觉问题带来显著挑战,常导致过于自信却可能不一致或不安全的规划。尽管已有研究探索不确定性估计以提升基于大模型的规划可靠性,但现有方法未充分区分认知不确定性与固有不确定性,限制了估计效果。本文提出联合不确定性估计框架CURE,将不确定性分解为认知与固有两类,并进一步将认知不确定性细分为任务清晰度与任务熟悉度,实现更精准评估。整体不确定性通过随机网络蒸馏与由大模型特征驱动的多层感知机回归头进行估计。我们在厨房操作与桌面重排两个实验场景中验证该方法,结果表明,相比现有方法,我们的不确定性估计与实际执行结果更加一致。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate advanced reasoning abilities, enabling robots to understand natural language instructions and generate high-level plans with appropriate grounding. However, LLM hallucinations present a significant challenge, often leading to overconfident yet potentially misaligned or unsafe plans. While researchers have explored uncertainty estimation to improve the reliability of LLM-based planning, existing studies have not sufficiently differentiated between epistemic and intrinsic uncertainty, limiting the effectiveness of uncertainty estimation. In this paper, we present Combined Uncertainty estimation for Reliable Embodied planning (CURE), which decomposes the uncertainty into epistemic and intrinsic uncertainty, each estimated separately. Furthermore, epistemic uncertainty is subdivided into task clarity and task familiarity for more accurate evaluation. The overall uncertainty assessments are obtained using random network distillation and multi-layer perceptron regression heads driven by LLM features. We validated our approach in two distinct experimental settings: kitchen manipulation and tabletop rearrangement experiments. The results show that, compared to existing methods, our approach yields uncertainty estimates that are more closely aligned with the actual execution outcomes.

大模型机器人规划不确定性估计

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