arXiv:2510.08152cs.CLcs.AI2025-10EMNLP被引 1

用对话文本训练小模型,让其更好理解业务场景指令。

DACIP-RC: Domain Adaptive Continual Instruction Pre-Training via Reading Comprehension on Business Conversations

  • 基于对话转录文本生成任务指令和回复,替代传统预测下一个词
  • 在会议总结、待办事项生成等任务上实现显著零样本泛化性能提升
  • 适合想用企业私有数据优化小模型的工业界研究者

大型语言模型(LLMs)的快速发展使其在多种自然语言处理任务中得到实际应用。然而,大规模模型的高推理成本使其部署不切实际,因此需使用更小的模型。尽管小模型效率高,但在不同领域缺乏稳健的零样本指令遵循能力,难以适应动态用户需求。传统微调方法会加剧灾难性遗忘,降低模型对未见任务的泛化能力。本文提出一种持续预训练方法——通过阅读理解进行领域自适应持续指令预训练(DACIP-RC),以增强小模型在业务对话任务中的领域适应性。与依赖下一个词预测的传统预训练不同,DACIP-RC基于对话转录文本生成多样化的任务指令与回复,从而提升指令泛化能力。实验表明,该方法显著提升了小模型在会议总结、行动项生成、通话目的识别等多种业务对话任务上的零样本表现。据我们所知,这是首个在业务对话数据上应用指令预训练的工作,为行业利用私有数据进行领域适配提供了新思路。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled their adoption in real-world industrial scenarios for various natural language processing tasks. However, the high inference cost of large-scale LLMs makes their deployment impractical, necessitating the use of smaller models. Despite their efficiency, smaller LLMs lack robust zero-shot instruction-following capabilities across diverse domains, limiting their adaptability to dynamic user requirements. Traditional fine-tuning approaches exacerbate this issue by inducing catastrophic forgetting, reducing the model's generalization ability for unseen tasks. In this paper, we propose Domain Adaptive Continual Instruction Pre-Training via Reading Comprehension (DACIP-RC), a continual pre-training technique that enhances smaller LLMs' domain adaptability for business conversational tasks. Unlike conventional pre-training approaches that rely on next-token prediction, DACIP-RC generates diverse task instructions and responses via reading comprehension on conversation transcripts, enabling better instruction generalization. Our empirical evaluations demonstrate that DACIP-RC significantly improves zero-shot generalization across a wide range of business conversational tasks, including meeting summarization, action item generation, and call purpose identification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to apply instruction pre-training on business conversational data, providing insights into how industries can leverage proprietary datasets for domain adaptation.

指令预训练小模型业务对话持续学习

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