arXiv:2510.08711cs.LGcs.AI2025-10被引 2

用少量样本让模型实时适应变化的无线信道,提升动态环境下的信号恢复能力。

In-Context Learning for Non-Stationary MIMO Equalization

  • 基于自适应信号处理思想设计新型注意力机制,提升对时变信道的响应能力。
  • 在非平稳多输入多输出信道上,仅用少量样本即可实现性能接近传统方法的均衡效果。
  • 适合研究下一代可自适应无线通信系统或智能信号处理的工程师与学者。

信道均衡是缓解频率选择性衰落和符号间干扰等失真的关键。与需要频繁重新训练的标准监督学习不同,上下文学习(ICL)可在推理阶段仅用少量样本快速适应新信道。然而,现有ICL均衡器主要针对静态信道设计并在此类场景下评估。据我们所知,此前关于ICL的理论分析均集中于平稳设定——即上下文内函数保持不变。本文从时变信道均衡的角度,研究ICL解决非平稳问题的能力。提出一种原理性框架,设计高效注意力机制以增强非平稳任务中的自适应性,借鉴自适应信号处理算法指导设计。例如,可从最小均方(LMS)算法导出新型注意力,采用最小根均方(LRMS)形式提升鲁棒性,或使用多步梯度更新实现更优的长期追踪。实验表明,ICL在非平稳MIMO均衡中具有显著潜力,且受经典自适应算法启发的注意力机制能显著提升动态环境下的适应性和性能。研究成果为构建具备更强自适应与鲁棒性的新一代无线基础模型提供关键洞见。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Channel equalization is fundamental for mitigating distortions such as frequency-selective fading and inter-symbol interference. Unlike standard supervised learning approaches that require costly retraining or fine-tuning for each new task, in-context learning (ICL) adapts to new channels at inference time with only a few examples. However, existing ICL-based equalizers are primarily developed for and evaluated on static channels within the context window. Indeed, to our knowledge, prior principled analyses and theoretical studies of ICL focus exclusively on the stationary setting, where the function remains fixed within the context. In this paper, we investigate the ability of ICL to address non-stationary problems through the lens of time-varying channel equalization. We employ a principled framework for designing efficient attention mechanisms with improved adaptivity in non-stationary tasks, leveraging algorithms from adaptive signal processing to guide better designs. For example, new attention variants can be derived from the Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive algorithm, a Least Root Mean Square (LRMS) formulation for enhanced robustness, or multi-step gradient updates for improved long-term tracking. Experimental results demonstrate that ICL holds strong promise for non-stationary MIMO equalization, and that attention mechanisms inspired by classical adaptive algorithms can substantially enhance adaptability and performance in dynamic environments. Our findings may provide critical insights for developing next-generation wireless foundation models with stronger adaptability and robustness.

信道均衡非平稳ICLMIMO

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