用不可察觉的扰动让图像无法被非法上色,保护版权。
Uncolorable Examples: Preventing Unauthorized AI Colorization via Perception-Aware Chroma-Restrictive Perturbation
- 通过感知感知的色度限制扰动,嵌入不可见干扰。
- 在ImageNet和Danbooru上使上色质量显著下降,视觉外观不变。
- 适合需要防范AI非法着色的漫画、影视内容创作者。
基于AI的上色技术能从灰度图像生成逼真彩色图像,但存在未经授权上色并转售黑白漫画、电影等版权风险。目前尚无有效防御方法。为此,我们提出首个防御范式「不可上色样本」,通过向灰度图像嵌入不可察觉的扰动,使其无法被非法上色。为确保实际可用性,设定四个标准:有效性、不可察觉性、可迁移性和鲁棒性。所提方法感知感知色度限制扰动(PAChroma)利用拉普拉斯滤波器优化不可察觉扰动以保持感知质量,并在优化中引入多样输入变换,提升跨模型迁移性及对压缩等常见后处理的鲁棒性。在ImageNet与Danbooru数据集上的实验表明,PAChroma能有效降低上色质量,同时保持原图视觉外观。该工作首次实现对生成媒体中非法上色行为的版权防护,为生成内容版权保护提供新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
AI-based colorization has shown remarkable capability in generating realistic color images from grayscale inputs. However, it poses risks of copyright infringement -- for example, the unauthorized colorization and resale of monochrome manga and films. Despite these concerns, no effective method currently exists to prevent such misuse. To address this, we introduce the first defensive paradigm, Uncolorable Examples, which embed imperceptible perturbations into grayscale images to invalidate unauthorized colorization. To ensure real-world applicability, we establish four criteria: effectiveness, imperceptibility, transferability, and robustness. Our method, Perception-Aware Chroma-Restrictive Perturbation (PAChroma), generates Uncolorable Examples that meet these four criteria by optimizing imperceptible perturbations with a Laplacian filter to preserve perceptual quality, and applying diverse input transformations during optimization to enhance transferability across models and robustness against common post-processing (e.g., compression). Experiments on ImageNet and Danbooru datasets demonstrate that PAChroma effectively degrades colorization quality while maintaining the visual appearance. This work marks the first step toward protecting visual content from illegitimate AI colorization, paving the way for copyright-aware defenses in generative media.
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