用压缩的词元概率实现低成本高效微调,避免遗忘通用能力。
Logits Replay + MoClip: Stabilized, Low-Cost Post-Training with Minimal Forgetting
- 记录关键词元概率子集,减少计算开销
- 在通信与自然语言转查询任务上提升性能,遗忘率降低40%以上
- 适合资源有限但需保持模型泛化性的部署场景
大语言模型在后训练中常面临专业领域性能提升与通用能力退化的矛盾。现有方法通过正则化、参数选择性更新或数据重放缓解该问题,但代价高昂。最新研究发现,训练信号可压缩为部分词元概率而不显著损失精度,但直接截断会破坏优化稳定性并加剧遗忘。本文提出Logits Replay + MoClip两阶段框架:第一阶段动态记录覆盖概率阈值的Top-K词元子集(始终包含真实标签);第二阶段重放这些紧凑子集以计算精确重归一化损失,避免完整Softmax计算,并实现隐式正则化。为保证稳定性,设计了MoClip优化器,限制梯度-动量旋转并采用arctan2对更新进行缩放。实验表明,该方法在通信技术(CT)和NL2SQL任务上提升领域性能,同时在MMLU、BBH、GPQA、MATH等通用基准上显著减轻遗忘,训练成本降低超40%。整体提供了一种无需牺牲泛化性的可扩展、架构无关的领域自适应路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models (LLMs) often face a trade-off in post-training: improvements on specialized domains frequently come at the expense of general capabilities. Existing solutions attempt to mitigate this tension via regularization, selective parameter updates, or data-centric replay, but each imposes significant costs in computation, data access, or adaptability. Recent work has shown that training signals can be compressed to subsets of logits without severe accuracy loss, suggesting a path toward efficient adaptation. However, naive truncation destabilizes optimization and exacerbates forgetting. We introduce Logits Replay + MoClip, a two-stage framework that compresses supervision in the logit space and stabilizes optimization at the update level. In Stage 0, we record dynamic Top-K token subsets that cover a probability threshold, always including the gold label. In Stage 1, we replay these compact subsets to compute exact renormalized losses, avoiding full softmax computation and implicitly regularizing. To ensure stability, we design MoClip, an optimizer that caps gradient-momentum rotation and applies an arctan2-based rescaling of updates. Empirically, our method improves domain performance on Communication Technology (CT) and NL2SQL tasks while mitigating forgetting on general benchmarks (MMLU, BBH, GPQA, MATH), and reduces training cost by over 40%. Together, these contributions offer a scalable, architecture-agnostic path for domain adaptation of LLMs without sacrificing generalization.
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