arXiv:2510.09173cs.CV2025-10被引 1

让目标检测能识别未知物体的类别,而非只标记为‘未知’。

Beyond Flat Unknown Labels in Open-World Object Detection

  • 用分层标签重构未知物体,避免全部归为同一类
  • 在保持已知类检测精度的同时提升未知物体召回率
  • 适合自动驾驶等需区分未知物性质的场景

大多数目标检测器基于封闭世界假设,仅识别训练数据中标注的类别,遇到新物体时会失效。开放世界目标检测(OWOD)放宽此限制,允许将未见物体检测为“未知”。但将所有新物体统一标记为单一“未知”标签,会损失语义信息,影响实际决策。本文提出BOUND模型,通过推断未知物体的粗粒度类别,增强其语义表达。例如,在自动驾驶中,区分“未知动物”(需避让)和“未知碎片”(需绕行)可触发不同应对策略。技术上,BOUND结合sparsemax头部建模置信度,采用层次引导重标注提供辅助监督,并设计分类模块学习层级关系。在多个OWOD基准测试中,BOUND在不降低已知类mAP的前提下,显著提升未知物体召回率,同时实现未知实例的结构化层次分类。在长尾数据集LVIS上的评估也证明其良好的泛化能力。代码将公开。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Most object detectors operate under a closed-world assumption, recognizing only the classes annotated in the training dataset and failing when encountering novel objects. Open-World Object Detection (OWOD) relaxes this assumption by enabling unseen objects to be detected as "Unknown". However, collapsing all novel objects into a single undifferentiated label eliminates semantic granularity and limits informed decision-making. In this paper, we introduce BOUND, an open-world detector that advances OWOD by inferring coarse-grained categories of unknown objects rather than merely flagging their existence. This enriched representation offers semantic cues that may benefit real-world systems. For example, in autonomous driving, distinguishing between an "Unknown Animal" (requiring yielding) and an "Unknown Debris" (requiring rerouting) leads to fundamentally different planning behaviors. Technically, BOUND integrates a sparsemax-based head for modeling objectness, a hierarchy-guided relabeling component that provides auxiliary supervision, and a classification module that learns hierarchical relationships. Experiments on OWOD benchmarks demonstrate that BOUND achieves higher unknown recall than existing baselines without sacrificing known-class mAP, while additionally enabling structured hierarchical categorization of unknown instances. Furthermore, evaluations on the long-tail LVIS dataset demonstrate robust generalization. Code will be made available.

开放世界检测未知物体层次分类

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