arXiv:2510.09222cs.LG2025-10被引 4

用流匹配模型指导强化学习,提升策略泛化与稳定性。

FM-IRL: Flow-Matching for Reward Modeling and Policy Regularization in Reinforcement Learning

  • 学生策略通过简单MLP在线探索,由流匹配教师模型提供奖励与正则化。
  • 在次优专家数据下仍实现高效学习,泛化能力显著优于基线。
  • 适合需要稳定在线训练且依赖高质量行为分布的强化学习场景。

流匹配(Flow Matching, FM)在建模复杂分布方面表现优异,适用于离线模仿学习以复现专家行为。然而,由于缺乏环境交互与探索能力,基于FM的策略在未见场景中泛化性能差,亟需在线交互。但直接通过在线交互优化FM策略面临梯度不稳定和推理成本高的问题。为此,本文提出让一个结构简单的学生策略通过强化学习算法在线更新,其奖励模型由包含专家数据分布信息的教师FM模型提供。同时,同一教师模型还用于正则化学生策略的行为,以稳定学习过程。由于学生策略结构简单,避免了FM的梯度不稳定性,实现了高效的在线探索,同时保留了教师模型的表达能力。大量实验表明,该方法显著提升了学习效率、泛化能力和鲁棒性,尤其在使用次优专家数据时效果更优。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Flow Matching (FM) has shown remarkable ability in modeling complex distributions and achieves strong performance in offline imitation learning for cloning expert behaviors. However, despite its behavioral cloning expressiveness, FM-based policies are inherently limited by their lack of environmental interaction and exploration. This leads to poor generalization in unseen scenarios beyond the expert demonstrations, underscoring the necessity of online interaction with environment. Unfortunately, optimizing FM policies via online interaction is challenging and inefficient due to instability in gradient computation and high inference costs. To address these issues, we propose to let a student policy with simple MLP structure explore the environment and be online updated via RL algorithm with a reward model. This reward model is associated with a teacher FM model, containing rich information of expert data distribution. Furthermore, the same teacher FM model is utilized to regularize the student policy's behavior to stabilize policy learning. Due to the student's simple architecture, we avoid the gradient instability of FM policies and enable efficient online exploration, while still leveraging the expressiveness of the teacher FM model. Extensive experiments show that our approach significantly enhances learning efficiency, generalization, and robustness, especially when learning from suboptimal expert data.

强化学习流匹配行为克隆策略正则化

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