arXiv:2510.09471cs.CL2025-10

为大模型训练数据构建可搜索的全文索引,让公开数据真正可用。

Getting Your Indices in a Row: Full-Text Search for LLM Training Data for Real World

  • 用Elasticsearch在ARM64超算上实现8.6万亿词元的全文索引
  • 索引覆盖15.2万亿词元中的近半数,形成离线开放网络搜索引擎
  • 支持无漏洞攻击的模型安全检测,适合关注数据透明与绿色计算的研究者

大语言模型性能取决于训练数据。尽管开源大模型增多,但其训练数据仍难以获取。即使模型完全开源,数据规模也使科学界难以理解,而这些数据可能包含从互联网抓取的关键信息。本文介绍了Apertus LLM训练数据的全文索引流程。利用Elasticsearch并行索引与Alps ARM64超级集群(高性能、低功耗)技术,成功对15.2万亿词元中的8.6万亿词元完成索引,既构建了关键的大模型安全工具,也实现了离线、精选的开放网络搜索引擎。贡献有三:一是证明Elasticsearch可在新一代ARM64架构上稳定运行;二是验证了现代大模型级数据与整个开放网络的全文索引可行且可访问;三是展示该索引可用于实现此前无法触及的无漏洞攻击模型安全。期望本工作能助力其他团队进行大规模数据索引,推动绿色计算转型。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is determined by their training data. Despite the proliferation of open-weight LLMs, access to LLM training data has remained limited. Even for fully open LLMs, the scale of the data makes it all but inscrutable to the general scientific community, despite potentially containing critical data scraped from the internet. In this paper, we present the full-text indexing pipeline for the Apertus LLM training data. Leveraging Elasticsearch parallel indices and the Alps infrastructure, a state-of-the-art, highly energy-efficient arm64 supercluster, we were able to index 8.6T tokens out of 15.2T used to train the Apertus LLM family, creating both a critical LLM safety tool and effectively an offline, curated, open web search engine. Our contribution is threefold. First, we demonstrate that Elasticsearch can be successfully ported onto next-generation arm64-based infrastructure. Second, we demonstrate that full-text indexing at the scale of modern LLM training datasets and the entire open web is feasible and accessible. Finally, we demonstrate that such indices can be used to ensure previously inaccessible jailbreak-agnostic LLM safety. We hope that our findings will be useful to other teams attempting large-scale data indexing and facilitate the general transition towards greener computation.

大模型数据全文检索绿色计算模型安全

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