AI是否具备意识？目前尚无定论。
AI and Consciousness
- 从主流理论看，未来AI可能被认定为有意识，也可能没有。
- 现有论证无法确定哪些理论正确，也无法判断AI是否有真实体验。
- 适合对意识本质与AI伦理感兴趣的读者阅读。
本文对人工智能意识的文献持怀疑态度。根据某些主流意识理论，我们即将创造出具有意识的AI系统，但依据其他主流理论，这些系统却未必具备意识。我们无法确定哪种理论正确，也无法判断身边环绕的AI是否如人类般丰富而有意义地意识，还是仅像烤面包机一样毫无体验。现有支持或反对AI意识的标准论证均难以推进判断。内容涵盖意识定义、十种可能的意识核心特征、内省与概念性论证的局限、唯物主义与功能主义、图灵测试与中文房间思想实验、模仿论证、全局工作空间理论与高阶理论、整合信息、局部递归、联想学习与迭代自然类，以及生物基质的重要性、跳跃假说、奇异智能与社会半解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This is a skeptical overview of the literature on AI consciousness. We will soon create AI systems that are conscious according to some influential, mainstream theories of consciousness but are not conscious according to other influential, mainstream theories of consciousness. We will not be in a position to know which theories are correct and whether we are surrounded by AI systems as richly and meaningfully conscious as human beings or instead only by systems as experientially blank as toasters. None of the standard arguments either for or against AI consciousness takes us far. Table of Contents Chapter One: Hills and Fog Chapter Two: What Is Consciousness? What Is AI? Chapter Three: Ten Possibly Essential Features of Consciousness Chapter Four: Against Introspective and Conceptual Arguments for Essential Features Chapter Five: Materialism and Functionalism Chapter Six: The Turing Test and the Chinese Room Chapter Seven: The Mimicry Argument Against AI Consciousness Chapter Eight: Global Workspace Theories and Higher Order Theories Chapter Nine: Integrated Information, Local Recurrence, Associative Learning, and Iterative Natural Kinds Chapter Ten: Does Biological Substrate Matter? Chapter Eleven: The Leapfrog Hypothesis, Strange Intelligence, and the Social Semi-Solution
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