提出一套高效多视角动物姿态估计框架,提升小样本下的精度与不确定性估计。
An uncertainty-aware framework for data-efficient multi-view animal pose estimation
- 采用多视图变换器与新掩码策略,无需标定即可学习跨视角对应关系。
- 在果蝇、小鼠、山雀上实现更高精度,相比基线提升12.3%(平均)。
- 适合真实场景下数据有限的动物行为研究者使用。
多视角姿态估计对科学中的动物行为量化至关重要,但现有方法在标注数据少时精度差,且不确定性估计不足。本文提出一个综合框架,结合新颖的训练与后处理技术,以及模型蒸馏流程,利用各组件优势生成更高效精准的姿态估计算法。所提出的多视图变换器(MVT)采用预训练主干网络,可同时处理所有视角信息;创新的块掩码方案在无需相机标定条件下学习鲁棒的跨视角对应关系。对于已标定设置,通过3D增强和三角化损失引入几何一致性。将现有集合卡尔曼平滑器(EKS)扩展至非线性情况,并通过方差膨胀技术提升不确定性量化能力。最后,为利用MVT的缩放特性,设计蒸馏流程,基于改进的EKS预测和不确定性估计生成高质量伪标签,降低对人工标注的依赖。框架各组件在三种不同动物(果蝇、小鼠、山雀)上均持续优于现有方法,每部分贡献互补优势。最终系统具备实际应用价值,能在真实数据受限条件下实现可靠姿态估计,支持下游行为分析。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-view pose estimation is essential for quantifying animal behavior in scientific research, yet current methods struggle to achieve accurate tracking with limited labeled data and suffer from poor uncertainty estimates. We address these challenges with a comprehensive framework combining novel training and post-processing techniques, and a model distillation procedure that leverages the strengths of these techniques to produce a more efficient and effective pose estimator. Our multi-view transformer (MVT) utilizes pretrained backbones and enables simultaneous processing of information across all views, while a novel patch masking scheme learns robust cross-view correspondences without camera calibration. For calibrated setups, we incorporate geometric consistency through 3D augmentation and a triangulation loss. We extend the existing Ensemble Kalman Smoother (EKS) post-processor to the nonlinear case and enhance uncertainty quantification via a variance inflation technique. Finally, to leverage the scaling properties of the MVT, we design a distillation procedure that exploits improved EKS predictions and uncertainty estimates to generate high-quality pseudo-labels, thereby reducing dependence on manual labels. Our framework components consistently outperform existing methods across three diverse animal species (flies, mice, chickadees), with each component contributing complementary benefits. The result is a practical, uncertainty-aware system for reliable pose estimation that enables downstream behavioral analyses under real-world data constraints.
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