arXiv:2510.09963cs.RO2025-10被引 3

用大模型动态生成行为树,让异构机器人自适应协作。

LLM-HBT: Dynamic Behavior Tree Construction for Adaptive Coordination in Heterogeneous Robots

  • 用大模型驱动行为树动态构建与扩展。
  • 在三种模拟场景和真实咖啡厅任务中成功率超基线。
  • 适合需要长期协同的异构机器人团队使用。

我们提出一种新型框架,用于异构多机器人系统中自动构建行为树(BT),以应对动态环境下的适应性与鲁棒性挑战。传统机器人因功能属性固定,难以在任务失败或环境变化时高效重构策略。为此,我们利用大语言模型(LLMs)动态生成和扩展BT,结合了LLM的推理与泛化能力以及BT的模块化和容错优势。该框架包含四个互连模块:任务初始化、任务分配、BT更新和故障节点检测,形成闭环运行。机器人执行时周期性触发BT,遇到故障节点后可本地扩展或调用中心虚拟协调器(Alex)重新分配子任务并同步同伴的BT。该设计支持异构团队的长期协作。我们在三个模拟场景及真实咖啡厅环境中,针对60个任务验证了该方法。结果表明,本方法在任务成功率、鲁棒性和可扩展性上均显著优于基线,证明其在复杂场景下多机器人协作的有效性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We introduce a novel framework for automatic behavior tree (BT) construction in heterogeneous multi-robot systems, designed to address the challenges of adaptability and robustness in dynamic environments. Traditional robots are limited by fixed functional attributes and cannot efficiently reconfigure their strategies in response to task failures or environmental changes. To overcome this limitation, we leverage large language models (LLMs) to generate and extend BTs dynamically, combining the reasoning and generalization power of LLMs with the modularity and recovery capability of BTs. The proposed framework consists of four interconnected modules task initialization, task assignment, BT update, and failure node detection which operate in a closed loop. Robots tick their BTs during execution, and upon encountering a failure node, they can either extend the tree locally or invoke a centralized virtual coordinator (Alex) to reassign subtasks and synchronize BTs across peers. This design enables long-term cooperative execution in heterogeneous teams. We validate the framework on 60 tasks across three simulated scenarios and in a real-world cafe environment with a robotic arm and a wheeled-legged robot. Results show that our method consistently outperforms baseline approaches in task success rate, robustness, and scalability, demonstrating its effectiveness for multi-robot collaboration in complex scenarios.

机器人协作行为树大模型应用异构系统

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