用3D高斯点云实现平滑的细节层次变化,告别模型切换的视觉跳变。
CLoD-GS: Continuous Level-of-Detail via 3D Gaussian Splatting
- 为每个高斯点引入可学习的距离衰减参数,实现细节渐变
- 单模型支持连续质量调节,减少存储与内存占用
- 适合实时渲染、需要平滑画质过渡的应用场景
细节层次(LoD)是实时计算机图形学中管理复杂场景渲染开销的关键技术。传统离散细节层次(DLoD)需存储多个模型副本,并在不同距离切换,导致显著的视觉“跳变”和高存储开销。我们提出连续细节层次(CLoD)新范式,利用新兴的3D高斯点云(3DGS)的显式基础结构,实现单一模型内平滑的质量缩放。为此,我们设计了CLoD-GS框架,在3DGS表示中集成连续LoD机制:为每个高斯基元引入可学习的距离依赖衰减参数,动态调整其透明度。该机制可渐进过滤低重要性点,实现无缝细节变化。为提升跨距离鲁棒性,我们提出虚拟距离缩放与从粗到细的训练策略,结合渲染点数正则化。实验表明,该方法有效消除离散方法的存储与视觉瑕疵,降低原始点数和内存占用,仅用一个模型即可实现高质量、连续可调的渲染效果。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Level of Detail (LoD) is a fundamental technique in real-time computer graphics for managing the rendering costs of complex scenes while preserving visual fidelity. Traditionally, LoD is implemented using discrete levels (DLoD), where multiple, distinct versions of a model are swapped out at different distances. This long-standing paradigm, however, suffers from two major drawbacks: it requires significant storage for multiple model copies and causes jarring visual ``popping" artifacts during transitions, degrading the user experience. We argue that the explicit, primitive-based nature of the emerging 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) technique enables a more ideal paradigm: Continuous LoD (CLoD). A CLoD approach facilitates smooth, seamless quality scaling within a single, unified model, thereby circumventing the core problems of DLOD. To this end, we introduce CLoD-GS, a framework that integrates a continuous LoD mechanism directly into a 3DGS representation. Our method introduces a learnable, distance-dependent decay parameter for each Gaussian primitive, which dynamically adjusts its opacity based on viewpoint proximity. This allows for the progressive and smooth filtering of less significant primitives, effectively creating a continuous spectrum of detail within one model. To train this model to be robust across all distances, we introduce a virtual distance scaling mechanism and a novel coarse-to-fine training strategy with rendered point count regularization. Our approach not only eliminates the storage overhead and visual artifacts of discrete methods but also reduces the primitive count and memory footprint of the final model. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CLoD-GS achieves smooth, quality-scalable rendering from a single model, delivering high-fidelity results across a wide range of performance targets.
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