arXiv:2510.10357cs.ROcs.LG2025-10中稿 · IROS 2025被引 3

让机器人精准投掷翻转物体至目标姿态,提升物流操作效率。

Learning to Throw-Flip

  • 基于冲量-动量原理设计解耦寄生旋转的投掷动作
  • 实测可在数十次尝试内达目标姿态(±5cm, ±45°)
  • 结合物理模型与学习方法,降低样本需求并复用过往经验

动态操作如机器人投掷物体正成为加速物流的新范式。然而,现有研究多关注落点位置,忽略最终姿态。本文提出一种使机器人能精确“投掷翻转”物体至目标落地姿态(位置与朝向)的方法。传统回转机器人投掷时存在寄生旋转,导致落地姿态受限且不可控。本方法基于两项关键设计:首先,利用冲量-动量原理设计一组可解耦寄生旋转的投掷运动,显著扩大可行落地姿态范围;其次,结合自由飞行的物理模型与基于回归的学习方法,补偿未建模效应。真实机器人实验表明,该框架可在数十次试错中将物体投掷至目标姿态(±5厘米,±45度)以内。得益于数据融合,引入弹道动力学后,投掷至未知姿态的样本复杂度平均降低40%。此外,已有物体内旋转知识可有效复用,当面对质心偏移的新物体时,学习速度提升70%。视频演示见https://youtu.be/txYc9b1oflU。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Dynamic manipulation, such as robot tossing or throwing objects, has recently gained attention as a novel paradigm to speed up logistic operations. However, the focus has predominantly been on the object's landing location, irrespective of its final orientation. In this work, we present a method enabling a robot to accurately "throw-flip" objects to a desired landing pose (position and orientation). Conventionally, objects thrown by revolute robots suffer from parasitic rotation, resulting in highly restricted and uncontrollable landing poses. Our approach is based on two key design choices: first, leveraging the impulse-momentum principle, we design a family of throwing motions that effectively decouple the parasitic rotation, significantly expanding the feasible set of landing poses. Second, we combine a physics-based model of free flight with regression-based learning methods to account for unmodeled effects. Real robot experiments demonstrate that our framework can learn to throw-flip objects to a pose target within ($\pm$5 cm, $\pm$45 degrees) threshold in dozens of trials. Thanks to data assimilation, incorporating projectile dynamics reduces sample complexity by an average of 40% when throw-flipping to unseen poses compared to end-to-end learning methods. Additionally, we show that past knowledge on in-hand object spinning can be effectively reused, accelerating learning by 70% when throwing a new object with a Center of Mass (CoM) shift. A video summarizing the proposed method and the hardware experiments is available at https://youtu.be/txYc9b1oflU.

机器人操作动态控制投掷翻转物理学习

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