让机器人通过非视距感知提前发现盲区,提升室内探索效率。
SuperEx: Enhancing Indoor Mapping and Exploration using Non-Line-of-Sight Perception
- 利用单光子激光雷达捕捉隐藏物体的飞行时间分布,实现盲区感知。
- 在覆盖不足30%的情况下,地图精度提升12%,探索更高效。
- 适合需要快速精准建图的救援、巡检等实时场景。
在未知室内环境中高效探索与建图是关键挑战,尤其在时间敏感的场景中。当前系统受限于视线范围,遮挡区域只能在物理到达后才能被发现,导致布局偏离预设时探索效率低下。本文引入非视距(NLOS)感知技术,利用便携式单光子激光雷达,通过飞行时间直方图捕捉隐藏物体的存在信息,使机器人能够“看”到拐角后的障碍。相比以往仅限静态实验室环境的3D重建研究,以及简化几何下的初步导航尝试,我们提出SuperEx框架,将非视距信息直接融入建图-探索循环:(i) 从时间直方图中剔除空旷的非视距区域;(ii) 采用两阶段物理驱动与数据驱动的方法,结合结构规律重建占用结构。在复杂模拟地图和真实世界KTH Floorplan数据集上的评估显示,在低于30%覆盖度下,地图精度提升12%,探索效率优于纯视线基线方法,为突破可视范围的可靠建图开辟新路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Efficient exploration and mapping in unknown indoor environments is a fundamental challenge, with high stakes in time-critical settings. In current systems, robot perception remains confined to line-of-sight; occluded regions remain unknown until physically traversed, leading to inefficient exploration when layouts deviate from prior assumptions. In this work, we bring non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing to robotic exploration. We leverage single-photon LiDARs, which capture time-of-flight histograms that encode the presence of hidden objects - allowing robots to look around blind corners. Recent single-photon LiDARs have become practical and portable, enabling deployment beyond controlled lab settings. Prior NLOS works target 3D reconstruction in static, lab-based scenarios, and initial efforts toward NLOS-aided navigation consider simplified geometries. We introduce SuperEx, a framework that integrates NLOS sensing directly into the mapping-exploration loop. SuperEx augments global map prediction with beyond-line-of-sight cues by (i) carving empty NLOS regions from timing histograms and (ii) reconstructing occupied structure via a two-step physics-based and data-driven approach that leverages structural regularities. Evaluations on complex simulated maps and the real-world KTH Floorplan dataset show a 12% gain in mapping accuracy under < 30% coverage and improved exploration efficiency compared to line-of-sight baselines, opening a path to reliable mapping beyond direct visibility.
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