用射线追踪模拟超声散射，秒级生成逼真图像。
UltraScatter: Ray-Based Simulation of Ultrasound Scattering
- 基于概率射线追踪，将组织建模为散射概率场。
- 单帧B模式图像生成时间缩短至秒级，保留真实斑点特征。
- 适合需要快速仿真超声成像的医学研究与算法开发。
传统超声仿真方法通过数值求解波动方程实现高精度，但计算成本高昂。基于预计算脉冲响应的卷积方法虽较快，生成完整B模式图像仍需数分钟。我们提出UltraScatter，一种基于概率射线追踪的高效且真实的超声散射仿真框架。组织被表示为散射概率与散射幅度的体素场，射线通过自由飞行δ追踪模拟相互作用。散射射线被追踪至探头，相位信息通过线性时差模型引入。结合平面波成像与波束成形，其并行化射线追踪架构可在秒级生成B模式图像。与幻影数据的验证显示，结果具备真实的斑点与包含物分布特征，表明UltraScatter是波动方法的可扩展替代方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Traditional ultrasound simulation methods solve wave equations numerically, achieving high accuracy but at substantial computational cost. Faster alternatives based on convolution with precomputed impulse responses remain relatively slow, often requiring several minutes to generate a full B-mode image. We introduce UltraScatter, a probabilistic ray tracing framework that models ultrasound scattering efficiently and realistically. Tissue is represented as a volumetric field of scattering probability and scattering amplitude, and ray interactions are simulated via free-flight delta tracking. Scattered rays are traced to the transducer, with phase information incorporated through a linear time-of-flight model. Integrated with plane-wave imaging and beamforming, our parallelized ray tracing architecture produces B-mode images within seconds. Validation with phantom data shows realistic speckle and inclusion patterns, positioning UltraScatter as a scalable alternative to wave-based methods.
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