根据数据复杂度自动调整网络深度,提升效率并减少资源消耗。
Optimally Deep Networks -- Adapting Model Depth to Datasets for Superior Efficiency
- 从浅层开始逐步增加深度,直到达到目标精度
- 在MNIST和SVHN上内存占用降低超96%
- 适合部署在资源受限的边缘设备
深度神经网络在各类任务中表现优异,但往往伴随模型过大、计算需求高和内存占用大等问题。强大的架构通常以完整深度训练,但并非所有数据集或任务都需要如此高的模型容量。在低复杂度数据集上训练大型深层模型会导致计算浪费、能源消耗过多和内存压力过大,使模型难以在资源受限设备上部署。为此,我们提出最优深度网络(ODNs),实现模型深度与任务复杂度的平衡。具体提出一种类似神经网络架构搜索的渐进式深度扩展训练策略:从浅层网络开始训练,当早期模块收敛后逐步增加深度,直至达到目标准确率。ODNs仅使用任务所需的最浅有效深度,移除冗余层,显著降低未来训练与推理成本,减少内存占用,提升计算效率,便于在边缘设备部署。实验表明,在MNIST和SVHN数据集上,ResNet-18和ResNet-34的最优深度可分别实现98.64%和96.44%的内存占用减少,同时保持99.31%和96.08%的竞争力准确率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have provided brilliant performance across various tasks. However, this success often comes at the cost of unnecessarily large model sizes, high computational demands, and substantial memory footprints. Typically, powerful architectures are trained at full depths but not all datasets or tasks require such high model capacity. Training big and deep architectures on relatively low-complexity datasets frequently leads to wasted computation, unnecessary energy consumption, and excessive memory usage, which in turn makes deployment of models on resource-constrained devices impractical. To address this problem, we introduce the concept of Optimally Deep Networks (ODNs), which provides a balance between model depth and task complexity. Specifically, we propose a NAS like training strategy called progressive depth expansion, which begins by training neural networks at shallower depths and incrementally increases their depth as the earlier blocks converge, continuing this process until the target accuracy is reached. ODNs use only the optimal depth for the tasks at hand, removing redundant layers. This cuts down future training and inference costs, lowers the model memory footprint, enhances computational efficiency, and facilitates deployment on edge devices. Empirical results show that the optimal depths of ResNet-18 and ResNet-34 for MNIST and SVHN, achieve up to 98.64 % and 96.44 % reduction in memory footprint, while maintaining a competitive accuracy of 99.31 % and 96.08 %, respectively.
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