用智能算法优化柔性神经形态器件制备,减少实验次数。
Multi-objective Bayesian Optimization with Human-in-the-Loop for Flexible Neuromorphic Electronics Fabrication
- 结合多目标贝叶斯优化与人工反馈,自动调参
- 在20轮实验内找到电容频散大、漏电流低的最优条件
- 适合材料研发中高失败率、多参数耦合的实验场景
柔性神经形态电子器件可实现边缘计算,金属氧化物材料是其候选之一,但因与聚合物基底不兼容而面临加工限制。本文采用光子退火法,以溶液可处理的氧化铝为介电层,制备柔性金属-绝缘体-金属电容器,用于神经形态应用。由于光子退火结果受多个输入参数影响,传统网格搜索不可行。为此,我们应用多目标贝叶斯优化(MOBO),寻找在大电容-频率色散与低漏电流之间权衡的最优工艺条件。此外,开发人机协同(HITL)框架,将失败实验纳入机器学习流程,显著减少所需实验轮次。优化完成后,通过分析不同帕累托最优解,结合Shapley加性解释(SHAP)分析各输入变量的重要性,揭示关键调控因素。该框架可推广至多种具有强耦合输入和高失败率的多目标实验问题,提升机器学习模型可用性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Neuromorphic computing hardware enables edge computing and can be implemented in flexible electronics for novel applications. Metal oxide materials are promising candidates for fabricating flexible neuromorphic electronics, but suffer from processing constraints due to the incompatibilities between oxides and polymer substrates. In this work, we use photonic curing to fabricate flexible metal-insulator-metal capacitors with solution-processible aluminum oxide dielectric tailored for neuromorphic applications. Because photonic curing outcomes depend on many input parameters, identifying an optimal processing condition through a traditional grid-search approach is unfeasible. Here, we apply multi-objective Bayesian optimization (MOBO) to determine photonic curing conditions that optimize the trade-off between desired electrical properties of large capacitance-frequency dispersion and low leakage current. Furthermore, we develop a human-in-the-loop (HITL) framework for incorporating failed experiments into the MOBO machine learning workflow, demonstrating that this framework accelerates optimization by reducing the number of experimental rounds required. Once optimization is concluded, we analyze different Pareto-optimal conditions to tune the dielectrics properties and provide insight into the importance of different inputs through Shapley Additive exPlanations analysis. The demonstrated framework of combining MOBO with HITL feedback can be adapted to a wide range of multi-objective experimental problems that have interconnected inputs and high experimental failure rates to generate usable results for machine learning models.
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