用大模型直接解析原始Wi-Fi信号,实现无需校准的高精度室内定位。
Indoor Localization using Compact, Telemetry-Agnostic, Transfer-Learning Enabled Decoder-Only Transformer
- 将AP信号当作令牌,直接输入decoder-only LLM,跳过预处理
- 仅需少量校准点即达亚米级精度,支持缺失基站和多种信号类型
- 适合大规模部署场景,尤其适用于设备或环境变化频繁的情况
室内Wi-Fi定位因射频信号对环境动态、信道传播特性及硬件差异高度敏感而面临挑战。传统指纹法与模型法通常需大量人工校准,设备、信道或部署条件变化时性能迅速下降。本文提出Locaris,一种用于室内定位的decoder-only大语言模型(LLM)。Locaris将每个接入点(AP)测量视为一个令牌,可直接处理原始Wi-Fi遥测数据,无需预处理。通过在不同Wi-Fi数据集上微调该LLM,Locaris学习从原始信号到设备位置的轻量级通用映射。实验表明,相比现有技术,Locaris在多种遥测类型下表现相当或更优。结果证明,紧凑型LLM可作为无校准回归模型,实现异构Wi-Fi部署下的可扩展、鲁棒跨环境性能。少样本适配实验显示,仅需每设备数个校准点,即可在未见设备与部署场景中保持高精度。使用数百个样本即达亚米级精度,对缺失接入点具有鲁棒性,并兼容所有可用遥测数据。研究证实Locaris在真实场景中具备实际可行性,尤其适用于校准成本过高的大规模部署。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Indoor Wi-Fi positioning remains a challenging problem due to the high sensitivity of radio signals to environmental dynamics, channel propagation characteristics, and hardware heterogeneity. Conventional fingerprinting and model-based approaches typically require labor-intensive calibration and suffer rapid performance degradation when devices, channel or deployment conditions change. In this paper, we introduce Locaris, a decoder-only large language model (LLM) for indoor localization. Locaris treats each access point (AP) measurement as a token, enabling the ingestion of raw Wi-Fi telemetry without pre-processing. By fine-tuning its LLM on different Wi-Fi datasets, Locaris learns a lightweight and generalizable mapping from raw signals directly to device location. Our experimental study comparing Locaris with state-of-the-art methods consistently shows that Locaris matches or surpasses existing techniques for various types of telemetry. Our results demonstrate that compact LLMs can serve as calibration-free regression models for indoor localization, offering scalable and robust cross-environment performance in heterogeneous Wi-Fi deployments. Few-shot adaptation experiments, using only a handful of calibration points per device, further show that Locaris maintains high accuracy when applied to previously unseen devices and deployment scenarios. This yields sub-meter accuracy with just a few hundred samples, robust performance under missing APs and supports any and all available telemetry. Our findings highlight the practical viability of Locaris for indoor positioning in the real-world scenarios, particularly in large-scale deployments where extensive calibration is infeasible.
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