DE3S提升早期医疗时间序列分类准确率,解决早判与准判的矛盾。
DE3S: Dual-Enhanced Soft-Sparse-Shape Learning for Medical Early Time-Series Classification
- 双增强机制强化弱信号建模,提升早期特征提取能力。
- 多尺度结构与稀疏专家融合,兼顾个体差异与全局模式。
- 在6个真实数据集上表现优异,尤其适合重症早期预警场景。
早期时间序列分类(ETSC)在败血症等时间敏感的医疗应用中至关重要,但面临准确率与预测提前量之间的固有权衡。这一权衡源于两个核心挑战:1)模型需有效建模本质弱且嘈杂的早期片段;2)需同时捕捉局部、个体特异性变化和整体全局时序模式。现有方法难以克服这些根本问题,常导致严重妥协:为提前预测牺牲准确率,或反之。本文提出DE3S(Dual-Enhanced Soft-Sparse-Shape Learning)框架,系统性解决上述挑战。引入双增强机制以强化弱早期信号建模;设计基于注意力的块模块,在降噪与降复杂度的同时保留判别信息;采用稀疏专家混合的双路径融合架构建模局部个体差异;并引入多尺度inception模块捕捉全局依赖。在六个真实医疗数据集上的实验表明,DE3S在早期预测窗口中表现优异。消融实验证明各组件均有效应对特定挑战。源代码已公开。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Early Time Series Classification (ETSC) is critical in time-sensitive medical applications such as sepsis, yet it presents an inherent trade-off between accuracy and earliness. This trade-off arises from two core challenges: 1) models should effectively model inherently weak and noisy early-stage snippets, and 2) they should resolve the complex, dual requirement of simultaneously capturing local, subject-specific variations and overarching global temporal patterns. Existing methods struggle to overcome these underlying challenges, often forcing a severe compromise: sacrificing accuracy to achieve earliness, or vice-versa. We propose \textbf{DE3S}, a \textbf{D}ual-\textbf{E}nhanced \textbf{S}oft-\textbf{S}parse \textbf{S}equence Learning framework, which systematically solves these challenges. A dual enhancement mechanism is proposed to enhance the modeling of weak, early signals. Then, an attention-based patch module is introduced to preserve discriminative information while reducing noise and complexity. A dual-path fusion architecture is designed, using a sparse mixture of experts to model local, subject-specific variations. A multi-scale inception module is also employed to capture global dependencies. Experiments on six real-world medical datasets show the competitive performance of DE3S, particularly in early prediction windows. Ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of each component in addressing its targeted challenge. The source code is available \href{https://github.com/kuxit/DE3S}{\textbf{here}}.
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