让AI推理更可信:通过细粒度奖励提升搜索生成的思维一致性
Beyond Correctness: Rewarding Faithful Reasoning in Retrieval-Augmented Generation
- 引入逐轮反馈奖励机制,追踪推理与搜索的匹配度
- 在多个指标上显著提升思维忠实度,同时改善任务表现
- 适合关注AI可解释性与可靠性的研究者和开发者
受强化学习在数学和编程领域大模型训练成功启发,近期研究将大模型训练为动态规划、查询搜索引擎并进行推理的智能体,即‘智能体搜索’。尽管这类方法在短文本问答基准上取得性能提升,但多数仅关注最终答案正确性,忽视中间推理过程的质量,可能导致思维链不忠实。本文提出一个全面的评估框架,涵盖三种忠实度指标:思考-搜索忠实度、信息-思考忠实度、思考-答案忠实度。评估发现,采用基于可验证奖励的强化学习(RLVR)训练的经典系统(如Search-R1和ReSearch)在这些忠实度维度上仍有较大提升空间。为此,我们提出VERITAS框架,将细粒度的逐轮忠实度奖励融入强化学习过程。实验表明,使用 extit{ours}训练的模型不仅显著提升推理忠实度,还优于基于整轮结果奖励的基线模型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Inspired by the success of reinforcement learning (RL) in Large Language Model (LLM) training for domains like math and code, recent work has begun training LLMs to dynamically plan, query, and reason with search engines as tools -- a paradigm increasingly referred to as agentic search. Although these methods achieve performance improvement across popular short-form QA benchmarks, many prioritize final answer correctness while overlooking the quality of intermediate reasoning steps, which may lead to chain-of-thought unfaithfulness. In this paper, we first introduce a comprehensive evaluation framework for agentic search, covering three distinct faithfulness metrics: Think-Search faithfulness, Information-Think faithfulness, and Think-Answer faithfulness. Our evaluations reveal that canonical agentic search systems trained through Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Reward (RLVR) using episode-level outcome-based reward -- including Search-R1 and ReSearch -- have significant room for improvement on these faithfulness dimensions. To foster faithful reasoning in agentic search, we introduce VERITAS (Verifying Entailed Reasoning through Intermediate Traceability in Agentic Search), a novel framework that integrates fine-grained turn-level faithfulness rewards into the reinforcement learning process. Our experiments show that models trained with \ours not only significantly improve reasoning faithfulness, but also achieve better task performance compared to baselines trained against episode-level outcome-based reward.
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