arXiv:2510.13855cs.CLcs.AI2025-10Conference of the …被引 12

通过一致性机制提升大模型集成的鲁棒性,解决不同模型间预测不一致问题。

Harnessing Consistency for Robust Test-Time LLM Ensemble

  • 基于令牌级与模型级一致性,用滤波和自信心加权增强集成稳定性
  • 在多个基准测试中,集成效果与鲁棒性均显著提升,尤其在异构模型组合下
  • 可无缝接入各类集成方法,适合追求高可靠性的大模型应用开发者

不同大语言模型(LLMs)具有互补的优势与缺陷,集成方法有望融合其能力。然而,现有研究较少关注集成对错误信号的鲁棒性,这些信号常源于异构分词方案与模型专长差异。分析表明,集成失败主要来自两个层面:令牌级严重分歧,以及模型级置信度低且输出差异大。为此,我们提出CoRE——一种即插即用的一致性增强技术,可与多种集成方法结合。令牌级一致性通过低通滤波器抑制因分词错位导致的高不一致不确定令牌,提升细粒度鲁棒性;模型级一致性则通过鼓励高自信心且与其他模型差异小的输出,促进全局共识,增强粗粒度鲁棒性。在多种基准、模型组合与集成策略下的广泛实验表明,CoRE能持续提升集成性能与鲁棒性。代码已开源:https://github.com/zhichenz98/CoRE-EACL26。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Different large language models (LLMs) exhibit diverse strengths and weaknesses, and LLM ensemble serves as a promising approach to integrate their complementary capabilities. Despite substantial progress in improving ensemble quality, limited attention has been paid to the robustness of ensembles against potential erroneous signals, which often arise from heterogeneous tokenization schemes and varying model expertise. Our analysis shows that ensemble failures typically arise from both the token level and the model level: the former reflects severe disagreement in token predictions, while the latter involves low confidence and pronounced disparities among models. In light of this, we propose CoRE, a plug-and-play technique that harnesses model consistency for robust LLM ensemble, which can be seamlessly integrated with diverse ensemble methods. *Token-level consistency* captures fine-grained disagreements by applying a low-pass filter to downweight uncertain tokens with high inconsistency, often due to token misalignment, thereby improving robustness at a granular level. *Model-level consistency* models global agreement by promoting model outputs with high self-confidence and minimal divergence from others, enhancing robustness at a coarser level. Extensive experiments across diverse benchmarks, model combinations, and ensemble strategies demonstrate that CoRE consistently improves ensemble performance and robustness. Our code is available at https://github.com/zhichenz98/CoRE-EACL26.

大模型集成一致性鲁棒性

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