提出安全约束的多智能体强化学习框架,提升建筑群能效与安全性。
STEMS: Spatial-Temporal Enhanced Safe Multi-Agent Coordination for Building Energy Management
- 融合GCN与Transformer建模建筑间时空关系和时间趋势。
- 成本降21%、碳排减18%,安全违规率从35.1%降至5.6%。
- 适合需高安全性的智慧建筑能源协同管理场景。
建筑能源管理对实现碳减排、提升居住舒适度和降低能耗成本至关重要。协同式建筑能源管理面临挖掘时空依赖性与保障多建筑系统运行安全的关键挑战。现有系统存在三方面问题:时空信息利用不足、缺乏严格安全保证、系统复杂度高。本文提出空间-时间增强型安全多智能体协调框架(STEMS),一种新型的安全约束多智能体强化学习方法。STEMS包含两个核心组件:(1) 基于GCN-Transformer融合架构的空间-时间图表示学习框架,用于捕捉建筑间的关联关系与时间模式;(2) 融合控制屏障函数(Control Barrier Functions)的安全约束多智能体强化学习算法,提供数学层面的安全保障。在真实建筑数据集上的大量实验表明,STEMS显著优于现有方法:实现21%的成本降低、18%的碳排放减少,安全违规率从35.1%大幅下降至5.6%,同时舒适度损失仅0.13。该框架在极端天气下也表现出强鲁棒性,并适用于多种建筑类型。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Building energy management is essential for achieving carbon reduction goals, improving occupant comfort, and reducing energy costs. Coordinated building energy management faces critical challenges in exploiting spatial-temporal dependencies while ensuring operational safety across multi-building systems. Current multi-building energy systems face three key challenges: insufficient spatial-temporal information exploitation, lack of rigorous safety guarantees, and system complexity. This paper proposes Spatial-Temporal Enhanced Safe Multi-Agent Coordination (STEMS), a novel safety-constrained multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for coordinated building energy management. STEMS integrates two core components: (1) a spatial-temporal graph representation learning framework using a GCN-Transformer fusion architecture to capture inter-building relationships and temporal patterns, and (2) a safety-constrained multi-agent RL algorithm incorporating Control Barrier Functions to provide mathematical safety guarantees. Extensive experiments on real-world building datasets demonstrate STEMS's superior performance over existing methods, showing that STEMS achieves 21% cost reduction, 18% emission reduction, and dramatically reduces safety violations from 35.1% to 5.6% while maintaining optimal comfort with only 0.13 discomfort proportion. The framework also demonstrates strong robustness during extreme weather conditions and maintains effectiveness across different building types.
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