基于点云直接评估物体放置稳定性,实现无需模型的抓取放置一体化推理。
A Robust Placeability Metric for Model-Free Unified Pick-and-Place Reasoning
- 从部分点云中联合评估稳定性与可抓性,构建概率化放置评分机制。
- 在未见物体和复杂支撑面上,端到端成功率提升显著,生成无碰撞稳定姿态对。
- 适合需处理遮挡、无完整模型的真实机器人操作场景。
自主机器人在非结构化环境中可靠操作未见过的物体仍是根本挑战。尤其在仅能获取噪声且不完整的现实观测(如因遮挡导致底部表面缺失)时,直接从部分观测中进行鲁棒的抓取-放置规划尤为困难。现有方法通常依赖强先验(如CAD模型)或假设放置于连续平坦支撑面(如平面桌面),未显式考虑边缘接近或倾斜支撑。本文提出一种鲁棒的概率放置可放置性度量,通过原始点云几何联合评分6D物体放置姿态的稳定性与可抓性。利用该度量,生成多方向放置候选,并将抓取评分条件化于这些放置结果,实现无需模型的统一抓取-放置推理。仿真与真实机器人实验在未见物体及挑战性支撑几何上验证:该度量能准确预测稳定性,并直接从部分点云生成稳定、无碰撞的抓放配对,显著提升端到端抓放成功率。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reliable manipulation of previously unseen objects remains a fundamental challenge for autonomous robotic systems operating in unstructured environments. In particular, robust pick-and-place planning directly from noisy and only partial real-world observations, where object surfaces are inherently incomplete due to occlusions (e.g., bottom faces on a tabletop), is difficult. As a result, many existing methods rely on strong object priors (e.g., CAD models) or to assume placement on continuous, flat support surfaces such as planar tabletops, without explicitly accounting for edge proximity or inclined supports. In this work, we introduce a robust probabilistic placeability metric that evaluates 6D object placement poses from partial observations by jointly scoring object stability and graspability from raw point cloud geometry. Using this metric, we generate diverse multi-orientation placement candidates and condition grasp scoring on these placements, enabling model-free unified pick-and-place reasoning. Simulation and real-robot experiments on unseen objects and challenging support geometries confirm that our metric yields accurate stability predictions and consistently improves end-to-end pick-and-place success by producing stable, collision-free grasp-place pairs directly from partial point clouds.
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