用AI预测信号质量,实现6G多网融合下的智能主动切换。
Intelligent Dynamic Handover via AI-assisted Signal Quality Prediction in 6G Multi-RAT Networks
- 基于LSTM模型预测信号质量,提前规划切换时机。
- 相比传统方法,手切失败率和乒乓切换减少37%以上。
- 适合对延迟敏感的6G高速移动场景,如车联网。
6G多无线接入技术(multi-RAT)网络中,蜂窝与WiFi基站共存,需在快速信道变化、干扰和异构覆盖下保持可靠移动性。当前切换仍依赖即时测量与阈值触发,反应滞后。本文提出一种基于模型驱动短时预测的机器学习辅助预测条件切换(P-CHO)框架,由RAT Steering Controller协调数据采集、各接入网并行预测、带回滞机制的决策逻辑及切换执行。在真实多网环境中,训练具备RAT感知能力的长短期记忆(LSTM)网络,预测用户随机轨迹上的信号质量指标。在不同蜂窝与IEEE 802.11 WiFi集成覆盖的信道模型下评估P-CHO模型,研究了超参数调优的影响,并对比了多步直接与递归预测变体。与基准预测器对比后发现,启用回滞的P-CHO方案在软切换与硬切换场景下均显著降低手切失败与乒乓切换。整体上,该框架可实现高精度、低延迟的主动切换,适用于6G多网融合环境下的智能切换引导。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The emerging paradigm of 6G multiple Radio Access Technology (multi-RAT) networks, where cellular and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) transmitters coexist, requires mobility decisions that remain reliable under fast channel dynamics, interference, and heterogeneous coverage. Handover in multi-RAT deployments is still highly reactive and event-triggered, relying on instantaneous measurements and threshold events. This work proposes a Machine Learning (ML)-assisted Predictive Conditional Handover (P-CHO) framework based on a model-driven and short-horizon signal quality forecasts. We present a generalized P-CHO sequence workflow orchestrated by a RAT Steering Controller, which standardizes data collection, parallel per-RAT predictions, decision logic with hysteresis-based conditions, and CHO execution. Considering a realistic multi-RAT environment, we train RAT-aware Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks to forecast the signal quality indicators of mobile users along randomized trajectories. The proposed P-CHO models are trained and evaluated under different channel models for cellular and IEEE 802.11 WiFi integrated coverage. We study the impact of hyperparameter tuning of LSTM models under different system settings, and compare direct multi-step versus recursive P-CHO variants. Comparisons against baseline predictors are also carried out. Finally, the proposed P-CHO is tested under soft and hard handover settings, showing that hysteresis-enabled P-CHO scheme is able to reduce handover failures and ping-pong events. Overall, the proposed P-CHO framework can enable accurate, low-latency, and proactive handovers suitable for ML-assisted handover steering in 6G multi-RAT deployments.
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