无需人工标注,自动构建多模态视频数据流,实现高效低参数模型训练。
Multi-modal video data-pipelines for machine learning with minimal human supervision
- 用预训练模型与程序化组合搭建全自动多模态数据流水线。
- 仅用不到100万参数的模型,达到3亿参数模型的性能水平。
- 适合边缘设备实时语义分割与深度估计,部署简单可复用。
现实世界本质上是多模态的。我们的工具以数字形式记录它,如视频或声音,但大量信息仍被丢失。同样,人类间的行为和信息传递也依赖语言作为书面表达方式。传统机器学习模型多为单模态(如图像→语义、文本→情感分类),近期趋势转向双模态(图像与文本联合学习),但要真正理解世界,需整合所有独立模态。本文尝试在极少甚至无须人工标注的情况下,融合尽可能多的视觉模态。为此,我们采用预训练专家模型,并在原始视频上通过完全自治的数据流水线进行程序化组合,该流水线已开源。随后,我们利用专为多模态数据设计的PHG-MAE模型,成功将其高效蒸馏至低于100万参数,性能媲美约3亿参数的模型。我们部署该模型,分析了在普通硬件上的手持设备或网络摄像头实现实时语义分割的应用场景。此外,还使用相同框架部署其他现成模型,如用于近实时深度估计的DPT。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The real-world is inherently multi-modal at its core. Our tools observe and take snapshots of it, in digital form, such as videos or sounds, however much of it is lost. Similarly for actions and information passing between humans, languages are used as a written form of communication. Traditionally, Machine Learning models have been unimodal (i.e. rgb -> semantic or text -> sentiment_class). Recent trends go towards bi-modality, where images and text are learned together, however, in order to truly understand the world, we need to integrate all these independent modalities. In this work we try to combine as many visual modalities as we can using little to no human supervision. In order to do this, we use pre-trained experts and procedural combinations between them on top of raw videos using a fully autonomous data-pipeline, which we also open-source. We then make use of PHG-MAE, a model specifically designed to leverage multi-modal data. We show that this model which was efficiently distilled into a low-parameter (<1M) can have competitive results compared to models of ~300M parameters. We deploy this model and analyze the use-case of real-time semantic segmentation from handheld devices or webcams on commodity hardware. Finally, we deploy other off-the-shelf models using the same framework, such as DPT for near real-time depth estimation.
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