arXiv:2510.15114cs.RO2025-10被引 2

无人机协作自动砌砖,一机运砖一机涂胶,实验验证全流程自主。

Autonomous Reactive Masonry Construction using Collaborative Heterogeneous Aerial Robots with Experimental Demonstration

  • 两台异构无人机分工:运砖机带球关节精准抓放,涂胶机用伺服阀精准挤胶。
  • 实时动态任务分配+最小加速度轨迹规划,确保多机协同稳定高效。
  • 首次实验验证空中自主砌砖,适合建筑机器人与智能建造研究者参考。

本文提出一种基于异构无人飞行器(UAV)的全自动空中砌砖框架,并通过实验验证。开发了两种专用UAV:(i) 带球关节执行机构的砖块运输机,实现精确砖块操作;(ii) 集成伺服控制阀和挤出喷嘴的粘合剂涂布机,实现精准粘合剂施加。框架采用反应式任务规划单元,结合施工布局依赖图与冲突图,管理并行任务执行;分层状态机保障任务执行中的鲁棒性与安全过渡。动态任务分配支持环境反馈实时调整,最小加速度轨迹生成确保搬运与放置过程平稳精确。砖块运输机搭载机载视觉系统,利用ArUco标记和最小二乘优化滤波实现实时砖块姿态估计,提升对齐精度。据作者所知,该工作首次实验展示了异构无人机在空中自主砌砖的全过程——一台无人机精确放置砖块,另一台自动在砖间涂胶。实验结果及视频验证了框架的有效性,展现了其作为未来空中机器人建造基础的巨大潜力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

This article presents a fully autonomous aerial masonry construction framework using heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), supported by experimental validation. Two specialized UAVs were developed for the task: (i) a brick-carrier UAV equipped with a ball-joint actuation mechanism for precise brick manipulation, and (ii) an adhesion UAV integrating a servo-controlled valve and extruder nozzle for accurate adhesion application. The proposed framework employs a reactive mission planning unit that combines a dependency graph of the construction layout with a conflict graph to manage simultaneous task execution, while hierarchical state machines ensure robust operation and safe transitions during task execution. Dynamic task allocation allows real-time adaptation to environmental feedback, while minimum-jerk trajectory generation ensures smooth and precise UAV motion during brick pickup and placement. Additionally, the brick-carrier UAV employs an onboard vision system that estimates brick poses in real time using ArUco markers and a least-squares optimization filter, enabling accurate alignment during construction. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this work represents the first experimental demonstration of fully autonomous aerial masonry construction using heterogeneous UAVs, where one UAV precisely places the bricks while another autonomously applies adhesion material between them. The experimental results supported by the video showcase the effectiveness of the proposed framework and demonstrate its potential to serve as a foundation for future developments in autonomous aerial robotic construction.

无人机协作自主建造砌砖机器人异构系统

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