arXiv:2510.15214cs.GTcs.LG2025-10被引 2

如何为高维数据设计最优定价方案,实现卖家收益最大化。

How to Sell High-Dimensional Data Optimally

  • 基于采样构建近优数据产品菜单,样本量与状态空间无关。
  • 高维高斯数据下仅需标量实验,可高效求解最优定价。
  • 当买家偏好满足分离条件时,卖家可完全提取消费者剩余。

针对大体量专有数据的销售问题,本文研究由Bergemann等人提出的、涉及决策型买家与垄断卖家的信息定价模型。卖家掌握影响买家行动效用的世界状态,可通过提供补充信息获利。由于卖家可能不了解买家的私有偏好,我们将其建模为设计收入最大化的统计实验菜单问题。先前工作表明,最优菜单可在状态空间多项式时间内求得;但状态空间自然随数据维度指数增长。本文提出一种仅需采样访问状态空间的算法,可证明生成近优菜单,且所需样本数独立于状态空间大小。进一步分析高维高斯数据情形,发现:(a) 仅需考虑标量高斯实验;(b) 可通过半定规划高效求解最优菜单;(c) 当买家偏好集合满足自然分离条件时,卖家可实现完全盈余提取。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Motivated by the problem of selling large, proprietary data, we consider an information pricing problem proposed by Bergemann et al. that involves a decision-making buyer and a monopolistic seller. The seller has access to the underlying state of the world that determines the utility of the various actions the buyer may take. Since the buyer gains greater utility through better decisions resulting from more accurate assessments of the state, the seller can therefore promise the buyer supplemental information at a price. To contend with the fact that the seller may not be perfectly informed about the buyer's private preferences (or utility), we frame the problem of designing a data product as one where the seller designs a revenue-maximizing menu of statistical experiments. Prior work by Cai et al. showed that an optimal menu can be found in time polynomial in the state space, whereas we observe that the state space is naturally exponential in the dimension of the data. We propose an algorithm which, given only sampling access to the state space, provably generates a near-optimal menu with a number of samples independent of the state space. We then analyze a special case of high-dimensional Gaussian data, showing that (a) it suffices to consider scalar Gaussian experiments, (b) the optimal menu of such experiments can be found efficiently via a semidefinite program, and (c) full surplus extraction occurs if and only if a natural separation condition holds on the set of potential preferences of the buyer.

数据定价高维数据机制设计高斯模型

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