系统梳理非营利组织AI应用现状与挑战
AI Adoption in NGOs: A Systematic Literature Review
- 按六类场景分析非营利组织的AI应用模式
- 65项研究显示大型机构更易采纳AI技术
- 提供基于文献的落地路径，助组织克服初期障碍
人工智能有望显著提升非营利组织（NGO）在资源有限条件下的社会影响力，但其实际应用证据分散。本研究基于PRISMA流程，系统回顾2020至2025年期间发表的英文实证研究，经两名独立评审员筛选并交叉验证，最终纳入65项研究。采用主题与叙事分析法，识别出六类典型AI应用场景：参与、创意、决策、预测、管理与优化，并在技术-组织-环境（TOE）框架下提炼共性挑战与应对策略。研究发现，尽管AI前景广阔，但采纳程度不均，倾向大型组织。然而，遵循已有文献提供的实施路线图，可有效突破初始壁垒，提升组织效能、公众参与度与社会影响。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
AI has the potential to significantly improve how NGOs utilize their limited resources for societal benefits, but evidence about how NGOs adopt AI remains scattered. In this study, we systematically investigate the types of AI adoption use cases in NGOs and identify common challenges and solutions, contextualized by organizational size and geographic context. We review the existing primary literature, including studies that investigate AI adoption in NGOs related to social impact between 2020 and 2025 in English. Following the PRISMA protocol, two independent reviewers conduct study selection, with regular cross-checking to ensure methodological rigour, resulting in a final literature body of 65 studies. Leveraging a thematic and narrative approach, we identify six AI use case categories in NGOs - Engagement, Creativity, Decision-Making, Prediction, Management, and Optimization - and extract common challenges and solutions within the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. By integrating our findings, this review provides a novel understanding of AI adoption in NGOs, linking specific use cases and challenges to organizational and environmental factors. Our results demonstrate that while AI is promising, adoption among NGOs remains uneven and biased towards larger organizations. Nevertheless, following a roadmap grounded in literature can help NGOs overcome initial barriers to AI adoption, ultimately improving effectiveness, engagement, and social impact.
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