arXiv:2510.15514cs.AI2025-10

用拓扑投票消除大模型评分噪声,提升强化学习稳定性。

Voting with the Graph: Stable RLAIF via Topological Consistency Maximization

  • 通过传递性构建拓扑共识,过滤评分中的随机噪声
  • 在三个评测集上优于传统方法,噪声率降低至5-9%以下
  • 适合需要稳定反馈信号的RLHF训练场景

基于AI反馈的强化学习(RLAIF)依赖大模型判官进行偏好判断,但其受随机测量误差影响,导致偏好循环(如A≻B≻C≻A)在先进模型中占比达5%-9%。现有方法通过重复采样平均化噪声,但未利用结构约束区分系统信号与随机误差。本文提出拓扑共识奖励(TCR),基于传递性实现拓扑多数投票:系统性信号通过传递链增强,随机错误则聚集为拓扑暴露的环。TCR近似最大无环子图以过滤噪声。同时提出环出现率(CIR)作为诊断指标,量化含偏好环样本比例。实验表明,在Arena-Hard、MT-Bench和WritingBench上,TCR持续优于成对基线与经典排序算法,且对不同判官模型均表现稳健。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback (RLAIF) relies on LLM judges as preference measurement instruments, yet these instruments are fundamentally limited by random measurement errors -- stochastic fluctuations that manifest as preference cycles (e.g., $A \succ B \succ C \succ A$), occurring in 5-9% of evaluations across state-of-the-art models. While repeated sampling mitigates noise by averaging multiple judgments, it treats each comparison in isolation and fails to exploit the structural constraints that distinguish systematic signals from random noise. We introduce Topological Consensus Rewards (TCR), a framework that leverages transitivity as a denoising mechanism via topological majority voting: systematic signals reinforce each other through transitive chains, while random errors cluster into topologically exposed cycles. TCR approximates the Maximum Acyclic Subgraph to filter stochastic noise from preference signals. We also propose Cycle Incidence Rate (CIR) as a diagnostic metric that measures the proportion of samples containing preference cycles. Under our noise model, these cycles arise primarily from stochastic measurement errors rather than genuine intransitivity. Experiments on Arena-Hard, MT-Bench, and WritingBench demonstrate that TCR consistently outperforms pairwise baselines and classical ranking algorithms, while exhibiting robust performance across different judge models.

强化学习偏好学习去噪拓扑

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