arXiv:2510.15666cs.CV2025-10

仅用4个极端点实现超声图像精准分割,大幅降低标注成本。

Uncertainty-Aware Extreme Point Tracing for Weakly Supervised Ultrasound Image Segmentation

  • 用极端点生成框作为提示,调用SAM2生成初始伪标签。
  • 结合不确定性估计动态优化边界,分割精度接近全监督方法。
  • 适合标注资源有限的医疗影像研究者使用。

自动医学图像分割是辅助诊断的基础,但全监督方法需大量像素级标注,成本高昂。为缓解此问题,我们提出一种弱监督分割框架,仅需四个极端点作为标注。利用极端点生成的边界框作为提示,驱动Segment Anything Model 2(SAM2)生成可靠的初始伪标签。通过改进的特征引导极端点掩码(FGEPM)算法逐步优化伪标签,该算法引入基于蒙特卡洛丢弃的不确定性估计,构建统一梯度不确定性代价图以指导边界追踪。此外,设计双分支不确定性感知尺度一致性(USC)损失与框对齐损失,确保训练过程中的空间一致性和边界精确对齐。在两个公开超声数据集BUSI和UNS上的实验表明,本方法性能可媲美甚至超越全监督模型,同时显著降低标注开销。结果验证了所提弱监督框架在超声图像分割中的有效性与实用性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Automatic medical image segmentation is a fundamental step in computer-aided diagnosis, yet fully supervised approaches demand extensive pixel-level annotations that are costly and time-consuming. To alleviate this burden, we propose a weakly supervised segmentation framework that leverages only four extreme points as annotation. Specifically, bounding boxes derived from the extreme points are used as prompts for the Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) to generate reliable initial pseudo labels. These pseudo labels are progressively refined by an enhanced Feature-Guided Extreme Point Masking (FGEPM) algorithm, which incorporates Monte Carlo dropout-based uncertainty estimation to construct a unified gradient uncertainty cost map for boundary tracing. Furthermore, a dual-branch Uncertainty-aware Scale Consistency (USC) loss and a box alignment loss are introduced to ensure spatial consistency and precise boundary alignment during training. Extensive experiments on two public ultrasound datasets, BUSI and UNS, demonstrate that our method achieves performance comparable to, and even surpassing fully supervised counterparts while significantly reducing annotation cost. These results validate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed weakly supervised framework for ultrasound image segmentation.

弱监督超声分割不确定性医学图像

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