AI助手与伴侣角色重叠，用户在情感与任务间灵活切换。
Digital Companionship: Overlapping Uses of AI Companions and AI Assistants
- 通过调查与访谈，发现用户将AI同时用于任务辅助与情感陪伴。
- 用户青睐人机特质：情感共鸣与个性化响应，也看重持续可用与无厌烦性。
- 适合关注人机关系设计、通用AI系统发展的研究者与从业者。
大型语言模型正被广泛用于任务型协助与社交陪伴，但现有研究多聚焦于单一用途。基于对202名高活跃度ChatGPT与Replika用户的调查及30次深度访谈，本文将数字陪伴视为一种新兴的人机关系形态。用户既被情感共鸣、个性化回应等人性化特质吸引，也看重持续可用与永不厌烦等非人性化优势。这导致使用行为高度流动：如用Replika写作辅助，用ChatGPT倾诉情感，尽管两者品牌定位不同。然而，数字陪伴中存在深层张力——用户在形成深度依恋的同时否认聊天机器人具备真实人性，且难以调和其人际关系与社会规范的冲突。这些动态为数字伴侣设计及通用型、混合式AI系统的演进提出重要挑战。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models are increasingly used for both task-based assistance and social companionship, yet research has typically focused on one or the other. Drawing on a survey (N = 202) and 30 interviews with high-engagement ChatGPT and Replika users, we characterize digital companionship as an emerging form of human-AI relationship. With both systems, users were drawn to humanlike qualities, such as emotional resonance and personalized responses, and non-humanlike qualities, such as constant availability and inexhaustible tolerance. This led to fluid chatbot uses, such as Replika as a writing assistant and ChatGPT as an emotional confidant, despite their distinct branding. However, we observed challenging tensions in digital companionship dynamics: participants grappled with bounded personhood, forming deep attachments while denying chatbots "real" human qualities, and struggled to reconcile chatbot relationships with social norms. These dynamics raise questions for the design of digital companions and the rise of hybrid, general-purpose AI systems.
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