arXiv:2510.15926cs.ARcs.LG2025-10被引 3

TeLLMe在边缘FPGA上实现1.58比特量化大模型高效推理,显著降低延迟与功耗。

TeLLMe v2: An Efficient End-to-End Ternary LLM Prefill and Decode Accelerator with Table-Lookup Matmul on Edge FPGAs

  • 基于查表的三值矩阵乘法,结合分组激活与在线预计算,提升资源利用率。
  • 在5瓦功耗下实现最高25词/秒解码速度,首词生成时间仅0.45~0.96秒。
  • 专为边缘设备设计,适合低功耗、高能效的嵌入式语言模型部署场景。

随着可穿戴设备等嵌入式系统兴起,将大语言模型(LLMs)部署于边缘平台成为迫切需求。然而,其高计算与内存开销带来挑战。尽管近期低比特量化方法(如BitNet、DeepSeek)可将权重压缩至1.58~比特且保持极小精度损失,但边缘部署仍受限于片上资源、功耗预算,以及常被忽视的预填充阶段长延迟。本文提出首个基于查表的三值LLM加速器TeLLMe,可在低功耗边缘FPGA上全支持预填充与自回归解码,采用1.58比特权重与8比特激活。TeLLMe引入多项创新:(1) 基于查表的三值矩阵乘法(TLMM)引擎,通过分组激活与在线预计算实现低资源占用与高吞吐;(2) 基于细粒度分析的URAM权重缓冲管理方案,提升加载与计算引擎访问效率;(3) 流式数据流架构,融合浮点逐元素操作与线性计算以隐藏延迟;(4) 反向重排的预填充注意力机制,集成注意力操作以提升内存效率;(5) 资源高效的专用解码阶段注意力设计。在5瓦功耗下,TeLLMe实现最高25词/秒解码吞吐,64~128词提示下的首词生成时间(TTFT)为0.45~0.96秒,显著提升边缘FPGA上大模型推理的能效表现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

With the emergence of wearable devices and other embedded systems, deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge platforms has become an urgent need. However, this is challenging because of their high computational and memory demands. Although recent low-bit quantization methods (e.g., BitNet, DeepSeek) compress weights to as low as 1.58~bits with minimal accuracy loss, edge deployment is still constrained by limited on-chip resources, power budgets, and the often-neglected long latency of the prefill stage. We present \textbf{TeLLMe}, the first table-lookup-based ternary LLM accelerator for low-power edge FPGAs that fully supports both prefill and autoregressive decoding using 1.58-bit weights and 8-bit activations. TeLLMe incorporates several novel techniques, including (1) a table-lookup-based ternary matrix multiplication (TLMM) engine utilizing grouped activations and online precomputation for low resource utilization and high throughput; (2) a fine-grained analytic URAM-based weight buffer management scheme for efficient loading and compute engine access; (3) a streaming dataflow architecture that fuses floating-point element-wise operations with linear computations to hide latency; (4) a reversed-reordered prefill stage attention with fused attention operations for high memory efficiency; and (5) a resource-efficient specialized decoding stage attention. Under a 5~W power budget, TeLLMe delivers up to 25~tokens/s decoding throughput and 0.45--0.96~s time-to-first-token (TTFT) for 64--128 token prompts, marking a significant energy-efficiency advancement in LLM inference on edge FPGAs.

边缘计算量化推理FPGA加速大模型部署

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