构建面向未来的智能制造元宇宙，融合数字孪生与扩展现实技术。
Towards Smart Manufacturing Metaverse via Digital Twinning in Extended Reality
- 以数字孪生+扩展现实打造可交互的智能工厂训练环境。
- 构建人、设备、数字孪生体与供应链多网络融合的制造元宇宙架构。
- 适合制造业数字化转型、工业元宇宙研究者参考。
现代制造系统正加速融合人工智能、数字孪生（DT）与虚拟现实（VR）、增强现实（AR）、混合现实（MR）等扩展现实（XR）技术，推动智能制造元宇宙（MfgVerse）发展。面对日益复杂的数字工作环境，全球制造业面临数字素养人才严重短缺问题，疫情更加速了远程协作的数字化转型。本文提出面向未来的人本制造元宇宙愿景，聚焦学习工厂建设、认知型数字孪生与制造即服务（MaaS）新模式。MfgVerse正演化为多重网络融合体系：包含人类利益相关者的社交网络、制造实体（如机器、机器人、产线）互联网络、物理对象的数字孪生网络，以及销售、供应链、物流和再制造等辅助网络。文章展示了基于扩展现实的学习工厂设计与开发实践，并探讨了未来发展方向、挑战与机遇，旨在推动该领域的深入研究与技术进步。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The rapid evolution of modern manufacturing systems is driven by the integration of emerging metaverse technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), digital twin (DT) with different forms of extended reality (XR) like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). These advances confront manufacturing workers with complex and evolving environments that demand digital literacy for problem solving in the future workplace. However, manufacturing industry faces a critical shortage of skilled workforce with digital literacy in the world. Further, global pandemic has significantly changed how people work and collaborate digitally and remotely. There is an urgent need to rethink digital platformization and leverage emerging technologies to propel industrial evolution toward human-centered manufacturing metaverse (MfgVerse). This paper presents a forward-looking perspective on the development of smart MfgVerse, highlighting current efforts in learning factory, cognitive digital twinning, and the new sharing economy of manufacturing-as-a-service (MaaS). MfgVerse is converging into multiplex networks, including a social network of human stakeholders, an interconnected network of manufacturing things or agents (e.g., machines, robots, facilities, material handling systems), a network of digital twins of physical things, as well as auxiliary networks of sales, supply chain, logistics, and remanufacturing systems. We also showcase the design and development of a learning factory for workforce training in extended reality. Finally, future directions, challenges, and opportunities are discussed for human-centered manufacturing metaverse. We hope this work helps stimulate more comprehensive studies and in-depth research efforts to advance MfgVerse technologies.
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