利用点云配准学习旋转不变特征,提升3D异常检测精度
Registration is a Powerful Rotation-Invariance Learner for 3D Anomaly Detection
- 将配准过程融入特征提取,实现旋转不变表示
- 在Anomaly-ShapeNet和Real3D-AD上达到更优检测性能
- 适合需要高鲁棒性3D缺陷检测的工业场景
点云数据中的3D异常检测对工业质量控制至关重要,旨在可靠识别结构缺陷。然而,现有基于记忆库的方法常因特征变换不一致且判别能力有限,难以捕捉局部几何细节及实现旋转不变性,尤其在配准失败时导致检测结果不可靠。我们认为,点云配准不仅用于对齐几何结构,还能引导特征提取向旋转不变与局部判别性方向发展。为此,我们提出一种由配准驱动的旋转不变特征提取框架,整合点云配准与基于记忆的异常检测目标。核心思想是两项任务均依赖于建模局部几何结构并利用样本间特征相似性。通过将特征提取嵌入配准学习过程,框架联合优化对齐与表征学习。该集成使网络获得既抗旋转又适用于异常检测的特征。在Anomaly-ShapeNet和Real3D-AD数据集上的大量实验表明,本方法在有效性与泛化能力上持续优于现有方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
3D anomaly detection in point-cloud data is critical for industrial quality control, aiming to identify structural defects with high reliability. However, current memory bank-based methods often suffer from inconsistent feature transformations and limited discriminative capacity, particularly in capturing local geometric details and achieving rotation invariance. These limitations become more pronounced when registration fails, leading to unreliable detection results. We argue that point-cloud registration plays an essential role not only in aligning geometric structures but also in guiding feature extraction toward rotation-invariant and locally discriminative representations. To this end, we propose a registration-induced, rotation-invariant feature extraction framework that integrates the objectives of point-cloud registration and memory-based anomaly detection. Our key insight is that both tasks rely on modeling local geometric structures and leveraging feature similarity across samples. By embedding feature extraction into the registration learning process, our framework jointly optimizes alignment and representation learning. This integration enables the network to acquire features that are both robust to rotations and highly effective for anomaly detection. Extensive experiments on the Anomaly-ShapeNet and Real3D-AD datasets demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms existing approaches in effectiveness and generalizability.
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