用灯光生成人眼看不见的水印，保护摄像头内容隐私。
Towards Imperceptible Watermarking Via Environment Illumination for Consumer Cameras
- 通过调制灯光光谱而非亮度实现隐形水印
- 10秒视频嵌入128比特信息，支持内容验证
- 适合作为数字版权保护的轻量级方案
本文提出一种利用基于LED的环境照明，在消费者相机上生成视觉不可察觉水印的方法。该方法优化LED光源的光谱分布，在人类视觉系统中尽可能不可见，同时对典型消费级相机传感器高度可检测。该方法综合考虑了人眼对可见光谱的敏感性、现代消费级相机传感器的光谱响应特性，以及窄带LED生成宽带光谱（呈现为‘白光’，即D65照明）的能力。为确保不可察觉性，采用光谱调制而非强度调制。与传统可见光通信不同，本方法可在标准低帧率（30-60帧/秒）下完成水印提取。尽管信息传输速率较低——在10秒视频中嵌入128比特——但足以支持隐私保护和内容验证等关键元数据需求。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This paper introduces a method for using LED-based environmental lighting to produce visually imperceptible watermarks for consumer cameras. Our approach optimizes an LED light source's spectral profile to be minimally visible to the human eye while remaining highly detectable by typical consumer cameras. The method jointly considers the human visual system's sensitivity to visible spectra, modern consumer camera sensors' spectral sensitivity, and narrowband LEDs' ability to generate broadband spectra perceived as "white light" (specifically, D65 illumination). To ensure imperceptibility, we employ spectral modulation rather than intensity modulation. Unlike conventional visible light communication, our approach enables watermark extraction at standard low frame rates (30-60 fps). While the information transfer rate is modest-embedding 128 bits within a 10-second video clip-this capacity is sufficient for essential metadata supporting privacy protection and content verification.
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