为代码大模型设计可信度评估框架,全面测试其真实工程场景下的可靠性。
TREAT: A Code LLMs Trustworthiness / Reliability Evaluation and Testing Framework
- 构建多任务、多语言、多模态的综合评估体系
- 发现主流模型在不同任务中表现差异大,且界面代码生成有短板
- 适合研究者和开发者用来系统评测代码大模型的真实能力
大型基础模型正在深刻改变软件工程领域,在代码生成、调试和测试等任务中展现出卓越能力。然而,如何在真实软件工程场景中全面评估这些模型的可信度仍存在显著空白。现有基准测试范围有限,且缺乏对模型鲁棒性和可靠性的考量。为此,我们提出 TREAT(Code LLMs Trustworthiness / Reliability Evaluation And Testing)评估框架,从四个方面实现改进:(1) 多任务整体评估,覆盖多样化的软件工程活动而非单一编码任务;(2) 多语言与多模态评估,突破传统单语言文本基准,包含多模态编程任务;(3) 鲁棒性评估,考察模型在语义保持的代码变换下的可靠性;(4) 严谨的评估方法,通过多样化提示和自适应解提取提升结果可信度。基于该框架,我们评估了26个前沿模型,揭示其优劣势,关键发现包括:(1) 当前模型在不同编程任务中表现差异显著;(2) 多模态语言模型在用户界面代码生成与编辑中存在特定局限。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large foundation models are fundamentally transforming the software engineering landscape, demonstrating exceptional capabilities across diverse tasks such as code generation, debugging, and testing. Despite this rapid progress, a significant gap remains in how to comprehensively evaluate these models' trustworthiness in real-world software engineering scenarios. Existing benchmarks suffer from limited task scope and fail to incorporate critical evaluation aspects such as the robustness and reliability of models. To bridge this gap, we present an evaluation framework called TREAT (Code LLMs Trustworthiness / Reliability Evaluation And Testing) that provides a holistic assessment of model performance in code intelligence tasks. Our evaluation framework addresses key limitations in existing approaches with four main improvements: (1) Multi-Task Holistic Evaluation that spans diverse software engineering activities rather than limited coding tasks; (2) Multi-Language and Multi-Modality Assessment that extends beyond traditional single-language, text-only benchmarks to include multi-modality coding tasks; (3) Robustness Assessment that evaluates model reliability under semantically-preserving code transformations; and (4) Rigorous Evaluation Methodology that enhances the trustworthiness of evaluation results through diverse evaluation prompts and adaptive solution extraction. Based on this evaluation framework, we assess 26 state-of-the-art models and uncover both their strengths and limitations, yielding several key insights:(1) Current models show substantial performance variation across programming tasks; (2) Multi-modal language models demonstrate specific performance limitations in UI code generation and edit;
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