用数字孪生技术实现卫星-无人机-地面网络的低碳调度，减少碳排放。
Carbon-Aware Orchestration of Integrated Satellite Aerial Terrestrial Networks via Digital Twin
- 通过数字孪生构建多时隙动态优化框架，结合预测与实时调整。
- 相比仅考虑服务质量的调度，碳排放降低29%，可再生能源利用率提升。
- 适合关注绿色通信、6G可持续部署的研究者与工程师。
集成卫星-空中-地面网络（ISATNs）被视为6G的关键技术，可为自动驾驶、工业物联网及灾备等应用提供全球连接。然而其大规模部署可能带来不可持续的能耗与碳排放。本文提出一种基于数字孪生（DT）的碳感知编排框架，以克二氧化碳当量每比特（gCO₂/bit）为主要可持续性指标，采用多时隙计划-执行-检查-行动（PDCA）循环，结合日前预测与实时自适应优化。利用碳感知切换、无人机任务轮换和可再生能源感知边缘部署等控制手段降低碳排放。基于真实碳强度数据的仿真结果表明，该方法相较仅考虑服务质量的编排方式，碳排放降低最多达29%，同时提升可再生能源利用率，并增强恶劣事件下的系统韧性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Integrated Satellite Aerial Terrestrial Networks (ISATNs) are envisioned as key enablers of 6G, providing global connectivity for applications such as autonomous transportation, Industrial IoT, and disaster response. Their large-scale deployment, however, risks unsustainable energy use and carbon emissions. This work advances prior energy-aware studies by proposing a carbon-aware orchestration framework for ISATNs that leverages Digital Twin (DT) technology. The framework adopts grams of CO$_2$-equivalent per bit (gCO$_2$/bit) as a primary sustainability metric and implements a multi timescale Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) loop that combines day-ahead forecasting with real-time adaptive optimization. ISATN-specific control knobs, including carbon-aware handovers, UAV duty cycling, and renewable-aware edge placement, are exploited to reduce emissions. Simulation results with real carbon intensity data show up to 29\% lower gCO$_2$/bit than QoS-only orchestration, while improving renewable utilization and resilience under adverse events.
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