将气象海洋AI模型迁移到国产芯片,实现高效低耗运行。
Deploying Atmospheric and Oceanic AI Models on Chinese Hardware and Framework: Migration Strategies, Performance Optimization and Analysis
- 将模型从PyTorch迁移至MindSpore框架,适配国产芯片。
- 保持原模型精度的同时,训练与推理速度提升30%以上。
- 适合关注国产算力替代的科研与气象机构使用。
随着人工智能在气候与气象研究中的作用日益重要,高效模型训练与推理需求迫切。当前的FourCastNet和AI-GOMS等模型严重依赖GPU,限制了硬件独立性,尤其在国产硬件与框架上部署困难。为此,本文提出一个将大规模大气海洋模型从PyTorch迁移至MindSpore并针对国产芯片优化的框架,涵盖软硬件协同、内存优化与并行机制。通过训练速度、推理速度、模型精度与能效等多维度评估,实验表明该迁移与优化过程在保持原始精度的同时,显著降低系统依赖性,并通过国产芯片实现更高运行效率。本工作为在国产芯片与框架上开展大气海洋AI模型开发提供了可复用路径与实践指导,推动科学计算领域的技术自主。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
With the growing role of artificial intelligence in climate and weather research, efficient model training and inference are in high demand. Current models like FourCastNet and AI-GOMS depend heavily on GPUs, limiting hardware independence, especially for Chinese domestic hardware and frameworks. To address this issue, we present a framework for migrating large-scale atmospheric and oceanic models from PyTorch to MindSpore and optimizing for Chinese chips, and evaluating their performance against GPUs. The framework focuses on software-hardware adaptation, memory optimization, and parallelism. Furthermore, the model's performance is evaluated across multiple metrics, including training speed, inference speed, model accuracy, and energy efficiency, with comparisons against GPU-based implementations. Experimental results demonstrate that the migration and optimization process preserves the models' original accuracy while significantly reducing system dependencies and improving operational efficiency by leveraging Chinese chips as a viable alternative for scientific computing. This work provides valuable insights and practical guidance for leveraging Chinese domestic chips and frameworks in atmospheric and oceanic AI model development, offering a pathway toward greater technological independence.
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