西班牙医学教育中人工智能课程覆盖不足，多数为选修且学分占比极低。
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Undergraduate Medical Education in Spain: Descriptive Analysis and International Perspectives
- 调研52所医学院校，仅19.2%开设专门的人工智能课程。
- 平均仅占总学分1.17%，多数课程为选修，仅有1所大学设必修课。
- 地区差异显著，安达卢西亚领先，部分区域尚无相关教学安排。
人工智能正在重塑医疗实践，重新定义未来医护人员需掌握的能力。尽管国际已有相关建议，但西班牙医学课程中人工智能的整合此前未被系统评估。本研究于2025年7月至9月开展，基于官方注册名录（RUCT），对提供医学本科教育的52所西班牙高校进行横断面分析。通过审查课程设置与公开文档，识别2025-2026学年与人工智能相关的课程及能力要求。分析采用描述性统计方法。结果显示：10所大学（19.2%）开设了专门的AI课程，36所（69.2%）未包含相关内容；多数课程为选修，学分在3至6个ECTS之间，平均占整个360学分学位课程的1.17%。其中，哈恩大学是唯一开设必修人工智能课程的机构。按地区划分，安达卢西亚有55.5%的高校引入了人工智能培训，而部分自治区尚未启动相关举措。总体来看，西班牙医学教育中人工智能的融入仍处于初期、碎片化且不均衡状态，学分权重过低。有限的教学投入与选修为主的形式，制约了医学生在日益依赖人工智能的医疗环境中胜任能力的培养。研究呼吁建立最低标准并实施全国性监测机制。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
AI is transforming medical practice and redefining the competencies that future healthcare professionals need to master. Despite international recommendations, the integration of AI into Medicine curricula in Spain had not been systematically evaluated until now. A cross-sectional study (July-September 2025) including Spanish universities offering the official degree in Medicine, according to the 'Register of Universities, Centers and Degrees (Registro de Universidades, Centros y Títulos RUCT)'. Curricula and publicly available institutional documentation were reviewed to identify courses and competencies related to AI in the 2025-2026 academic year. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Of the 52 universities analyzed, ten (19.2%) offer specific AI courses, whereas 36 (69.2%) include no related content. Most of the identified courses are elective, with a credit load ranging from three to six ECTS, representing on average 1.17% of the total 360 credits of the degree. The University of Jaén is the only institution offering a compulsory course with AI content. The territorial analysis reveals marked disparities: Andalusia leads with 55.5% of its universities incorporating AI training, while several communities lack any initiative in this area. The integration of AI into the medical degree in Spain is incipient, fragmented, and uneven, with a low weight in ECTS. The limited training load and predominance of elective courses restrict the preparation of future physicians to practice in a healthcare environment increasingly mediated by AI. The findings support the establishment of minimum standards and national monitoring of indicators.
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