用学习到的算子实现远程辐射监测,突破物理传感器无法到达的限制。
Sensing Without Colocation: Operator-Based Virtual Instrumentation for Domains Beyond Physical Reach
- 通过学习算子连接地面监测站与高空辐射场,构建虚拟传感器
- 12个地面中子仪可预测180天内1万米高度全球剂量分布,推理快于毫秒级
- 部署在低功耗嵌入式平台,适合偏远地区太阳能供电环境
传统传感依赖被测对象与传感器共位,但此原则在航空高度失效——现有传感器无法长期存活以监测每年影响数百万空勤人员的宇宙辐射。本文提出新型传感范式:当传感器与目标场空间分离时,一个经训练的算子即可作为仪器本身。该方法称为算子理论虚拟传感,并在STONe系统中实现,将12个地面中子监测站数据映射至10,000米高空、180天时间跨度的全球剂量场,推理耗时低于毫秒,远快于需数小时的蒙特卡洛传输。系统部署于NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano嵌入式平台,平均功耗7.3瓦,显存占用143.3MB,可在太阳能供电的野外环境中运行,突破了以往对目标区域可达性的依赖,开创了一类以算子理论为原理、以能耗为约束的新形态传感设备。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Classical sensing rests on one foundational assumption: the quantity of interest must be colocated with the measurement device. This is not an engineering convenience. It is the organizing principle of every instrumentation standard developed over the past century, and it fails completely at aviation altitude, where no physical sensor can survive long enough to monitor the cosmic radiation field that irradiates millions of aircrew annually. We establish that this barrier is resolved by a new sensing principle: when the sensor manifold and the target field manifold are physically disjoint, a learned operator bridging them \emph{is} the instrument. We term this \textbf{operator-theoretic virtual sensing} and instantiate it in \textbf{STONe}, which maps \textbf{twelve} ground-based neutron monitors (sparse, indirect, surface-bound) to the complete global dose field at 10{,}000\,m across \textbf{180-day} horizons, achieving sub-millisecond inference where Monte Carlo transport requires hours. Deployed without modification on an NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano embedded AI platform at 7.3\,W average system power and 143.3\,MB GPU memory footprint; within the envelope of photovoltaic-powered field hardware co-locatable with existing neutron monitor stations, STONe constitutes a physically realizable sensing device of a new category: an instrument whose measurement principle is operator-theoretic and whose deployment constraint is the power budget of remote environmental monitoring infrastructure, not the accessibility of the target domain.
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