arXiv:2510.18391eess.AScs.SD2025-10被引 1

针对近周期噪声,提出一种联合时空相关性的波束成形方法,降噪效果显著提升。

MPDR Beamforming for Almost-Cyclostationary Processes

  • 基于频移滤波思想,联合利用频率间的统计相关性增强降噪能力
  • 在低信噪比下比传统方法提升5dB的语音质量,单麦克风也有效
  • 适用于发动机、无人机电机等近周期噪声场景,可无缝兼容现有系统

传统声学波束成形通常假设短时平稳且独立处理频带,忽略了频间相关性。对于引擎、风扇等近周期噪声源,这类信号更适合建模为(近)循环平稳(ACS)过程,其频谱成分具有统计相关性。本文提出循环最小功率无失真响应(cMPDR)波束成形器,将传统MPDR扩展至联合利用空间与频谱相关性。基于频移滤波(FRESH),该方法抑制在谐波相关频率上相干的噪声分量,显著降低残余噪声。针对非整数谐波(inharmonicity)问题,通过周期图估计共振频率,并根据其两两间距推导频率偏移。理论分析给出了残余噪声的闭式表达式,并证明输出功率随循环分量数量单调递减。合成谐波噪声和真实无人机电机录音实验验证了上述结论:在低信噪比条件下,相比MPDR,cMPDR在SI-SDR上最高提升5dB,STOI保持一致提升,且在单麦克风下仍有效。当频谱相关性缺失时,方法退化为传统MPDR,性能不下降。结果表明,循环处理是值得深入探索的声学降噪新方向。代码已开源:https://github.com/Screeen/cMPDR。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Conventional acoustic beamformers typically assume short-time stationarity and process frequency bins independently, ignoring inter-frequency correlations. This is suboptimal for almost-periodic noise sources such as engines, fans, and musical instruments: these signals are better modeled as (almost) cyclostationary (ACS) processes with statistically correlated spectral components. This paper introduces the cyclic minimum power distortionless response (cMPDR) beamformer, which extends the conventional MPDR to jointly exploit spatial and spectral correlations. Building on frequency-shifted (FRESH) filtering, it suppresses noise components that are coherent across harmonically related frequencies, reducing residual noise beyond what spatial filtering alone achieves. To address inharmonicity, where partials deviate from exact integer multiples of a fundamental frequency, we estimate resonant frequencies from a periodogram and derive frequency shifts from their pairwise spacing. Theoretical analysis yields closed-form expressions for residual noise and proves that output power decreases monotonically with the number of cyclic components. Experiments on synthetic harmonic noise and real UAV motor recordings confirm these findings: in low-SNR scenarios, the cMPDR achieves up to 5dB improvement in SI-SDR over the MPDR, yields consistent STOI gains, and remains effective with a single microphone. When spectral correlation is absent, the method reduces to conventional MPDR and does not degrade performance. These results suggest that cyclic processing is a viable direction for acoustic noise reduction that deserves further investigation. Code is available at https://github.com/Screeen/cMPDR.

波束成形噪声抑制循环平稳音频处理

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