两辆月球车协同搬运重物,实现精准同步与高效运输。
Sharing the Load: Autonomous Multi-Rover Cargo Transport
- 设计分布式模型预测控制器,实现双车协同运载
- 实测保持9.2厘米相对误差,最大误差33.4厘米
- 适合月球基地物流、多车协同控制研究者参考
未来阿耳忒弥斯计划中的月球栖息地需大量后勤支持。从着陆点到栖息地地点间最多5公里的货物运输任务将频繁重复,适合采用教学-重复导航。加拿大正在研究用于运输大型模块的月球通用车辆(LUV)设计。随着货品规格变化,使用两辆较小的LUV协同搬运可提升运力与任务灵活性。本文提出并实现了分布式模型预测控制算法,使两辆800公斤级路径飞行原型车能共享475公斤负载运输。通过定制耦合装置解耦车辆运动学,完全支撑货物重量。实地测试中,两车相对分离误差平均为9.2厘米,最大达33.4厘米。该多车控制架构在保留每辆车高精度激光雷达教学-重复路径跟踪能力的同时,还具备扩展至其他任务的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
A future lunar habitat, as part of the Artemis program, will require a significant amount of logistics infrastructure. Cargo that is transported to the Moon will need to be moved from a landing site to other key locations that may be up to 5 km away. Teach and repeat navigation is well suited to this task as utility rovers will need to repeat these cargo routes many times. One of the most significant challenges involves the modules that will be assembled together to form the habitat. Canada is studying potential Lunar Utility Vehicle (LUV) designs to carry these large payloads between the landing site and the location of the habitat. As the details of the cargo continue to evolve, using two, smaller LUVs to carry cargo together would provide high capacity and mission flexibility. In this paper, we develop and implement a distributed model-predictive controller that allows vehicles to carry cargo that is shared between them. The algorithm is compared to baselines in small-scale before being implemented onboard two 800 kg path-to-flight rovers and field tested carrying a 475 kg cargo between them. A custom cargo coupling decouples the kinematics of each vehicle while fully supporting the cargo's mass. In our field test, the rovers maintain a relative separation error of 9.2 cm and maximum error of 33.4 cm. This multi-vehicle control architecture retains the high-quality path tracking of lidar teach and repeat for each rover. We demonstrate that kinematic freedom of the vehicles allows a single controller to provide mission improvements for other operations as well.
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